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The Difference in Contributing Factors and Costs Associated with Outpatient Refusal to Accept Cardiovascular Medications or Analgesics During Dispensing Process.
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Background: Study looking into cardiovascular disorders (CVD) medicines or analgesics cost-saving activities during dispensing process is lacking.

Aim: To determine differences in factors and costs associated with refused CVD medicines or analgesics during dispensing process

Method: This study was approved by Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC) (Registration number: NMRR-20-177-53153(IIR)). Participants receiving CVD medicines or analgesics during dispensing process were recruited via convenience sampling technique between February and March 2020 at the Specialist Pharmacy Department of Jerantut Hospital, Malaysia. Refusal to medications and its reasons were asked based on the questionnaire developed by the researchers.

Results: Overall, 175 patients participated in this survey and CVD drugs contributed toward 58.9% of the refused medicines. Those who refused CVD drugs and analgesics were significantly different in terms of gender, medications dosing frequency, refusal reasons namely side effects, medications use, intentionally skipping dose and skipping the dose when feeling well. No associations were found between forgetfulness and age with refusal to CVD drugs or painkillers. Those who refused CVD medicines had a significantly higher total daily medicines, total daily pill burden, and total number of medicines refused per prescription compared to those who refused analgesics. Cost of CVD medicines refused per prescription was significantly higher compared to analgesics, median Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 10.50 (IQR, RM 15.00) versus median RM 6.00 (IQR, 15.00), P=0.01.

Conclusion: Refusal to CVD medicines and analgesics was associated with several medication’s and patient’s factors. However, higher cost-saving was observed in those refusing CVD medicines.

 

Keywords: cardiovascular disease, analgesics, dispensing, wastage

                                                                                                                              

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 31 2017
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Abu Mijlaz Al-Basri and his approach to traditional interpretation
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Research summary

 


This research discloses the study of the methodology of one of the notables of the followers, which is: (Abi Mijlis Al-Basri), who had a clear impact on many commentators after him, especially in the field of interpretation by impact. This study included two topics:

The first: his biography and scientific

The second: his methodology in the traditional interpretation.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Psychological Flow and Its Relation to Futuristic Thinking among Postgraduates
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The research seeks to find the relationship between psychological flow and futuristic thinking among postgraduate students. To this end, the researchers have made up two scales: one scale to measure the psychological flow which consisted of (32) items and the other to measure the futuristic thinking included (39) items which were distributed into three domains. As to collect the required data, the two scales had applied on a sample comprised (200) postgraduate students. The findings revealed that there is a correlation between psychological flow and futuristic thinking. The researcher recommended the coming studies take the relationship between psychological flow and psychological happiness.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Frustration degree and guilt among drug addicts harmful to themselves
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This study aimed to identify the degree of frustration and guilt among addicts who hurt themselves with drug,  and to know the addicts perspective  who are in treatment clinics and rehabilitation centers  in Palestine, in order to achieve this goal aDeterminationThe study population has been identified , this study population consisted of ' (82) addict, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method which is appropriate for  this  study, so the researcher questioned the addicts who are in treatment clinics and rehabilitation centers  in Palestine and analyze their  responses  in light of some of the variables.

The study results showed that drug addicts who ar

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus spp. Resistant to Macrolides Antibiotics
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Gram-positive enterococciare opportunistic and resistant to many antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Enterococcus spp. in our community and whether these isolates are resistant to the macrolides class of antibiotics. Fifty isolates from 112 clinical samples were recognized as Enterococcus spp. and confirmed using Vitek-2 system. The current study found that 50/112 (44.6%) represented the total isolates, 38/50 (76%) of which were Enterococcus faecalis, while 12/50 (24%) were Enterococcus faecium, twenty (40%) isolates from root canals and 30 (60%) isolates from urine were isolated. The sensitivity of the enterococcal isolates to various macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin) antibiotics wa

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Study the Ability of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Different Clinical Cases to Biofilm Formation and Detection of Algd Gene.
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98 samples were collected from various clinical sources included (Burns, wounds, urines, sputums, blood) From the city of Baghdad, After performing the biochemical and microscopic examination, 52 isolates were obtained for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 17 (32.7%) isolates from burn infection, 12 (23%) isolates from Wound infection 11 (21.2%) isolates from urine infection, 7 (13.5%) isolates of sputum and 5 (9.6%) isolates from blood. Bacteria susceptibility to form biofilm has been detectedby microtiter plate method, The results showed that 80% of the bacterial isolates were produced the biofilm with different proportions, alg D gene (alginate production) has been detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Which plays an essential role in the fo

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 15 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of incorporating carbon nanotubes on impact, transverse strength, hardness, and roughness to high impact denture base material
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Background: One of the most common complications of dentures is its ability to fracture, so the aim of this study was to reinforce the high impact denture base with carbon nanotubes in different concentrations to improve the mechanical and physical properties of the denture base. Materials and methods: Three concentrations of carbon nanotubes was used 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% in a pilot study to see the best values regarding transverse strength, impact, hardness and roughness test, 1 wt% was the best concentration, so new samples for control group and 1wt% carbon nanotubes and the previous tests were of course repeated. Results: There was a significant increase in impact strength and transverse strength when we add carbon nanotubes in 1wt%, compared

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
EFFECT OF HARDENING TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER PLANT. I. MOISTURE PERCENTAGEIN ROOT AND STEM
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Two field experiments were conducted during the spring seasons of 2000,2001.The aim was to study the effect of hardening to drought tolerance on moisture percentage in root and stem of sunflower plant during growth stages . Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications.The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available soil water.The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments :Control(unsoaked),soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 18 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
ECONOMIC STUDY TO MEASURE THE EFFICIENCY AND ITEMS OF MARKETING MARGINS OF TOMATO CROP YEAR 2015 AL-TAJI DISTRICT
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The aim of this study is to calculate the marketing efficiency to measures range of efficiency of the marketing processes of crop and their satisfaction of consumer demand, and calculate the marketing margin in marketing process  for stage producer – whole sale and whole sale- retailer stage, and to fulfillment the requirements the research it is aims . The data was collected from 32 farms of tomato from AL-Taji District_Baghdad province Agricultural season 2015 non covered agriculture. The marketing efficiency of sample low 32. 5, and the  absolute marketing margin in stage of wholesaler-retailer was 230 I.d/kg, and retailers importance it was 39.36%, although that relative importance of the retailer profits from the marketing

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Turkish Journal Of Field Crops
Effect of melatonin on the morphological and physiological characteristics of Vigna radiata L. plant exposure to drought stress conditions
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A field experiment was conducted in the growth season 2019-2020 at the botanical garden of the Biology Department at the College of Education for Pure Sciences/Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad-Iraq. The experiments’ purpose is to determine the effects of different melatonin concentrations on some morphological and physiological characteristics of mung (Vigna radiata L.) plant under the influence of three periods of drought (5, 10, 15 days). The results were showed that the increasing of water stress periods had significant effects in the reducing rates of the studied characteristics, especially at the period 15 days. The external treatment of different concentrations of melatonin reduced the drought effects and that’s led to signif

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2020
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The effect of special exercises using rubber ropes to develop special endurance and achieve a 200-meter freestyle swimming
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Swimming has now become the focus of attention of specialists, which has led to the search for the best methods and various methods of training, which rely heavily on scientific research and studies, through the use of proper planning and a comprehensive scientific and practical vision in the preparation and training process for this game. Some studies have proven that  The use of training methods has a positive role in the athletic training of the swimmer, provided that these methods are used in the correct way according to the scientific principles of training and with the loads and stresses that serve the specialized activity, i.e. the swimming distance. The study aimed at the follow 1- Preparing exercises using elastic ro

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