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The Difference in Contributing Factors and Costs Associated with Outpatient Refusal to Accept Cardiovascular Medications or Analgesics During Dispensing Process.
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Background: Study looking into cardiovascular disorders (CVD) medicines or analgesics cost-saving activities during dispensing process is lacking.

Aim: To determine differences in factors and costs associated with refused CVD medicines or analgesics during dispensing process

Method: This study was approved by Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC) (Registration number: NMRR-20-177-53153(IIR)). Participants receiving CVD medicines or analgesics during dispensing process were recruited via convenience sampling technique between February and March 2020 at the Specialist Pharmacy Department of Jerantut Hospital, Malaysia. Refusal to medications and its reasons were asked based on the questionnaire developed by the researchers.

Results: Overall, 175 patients participated in this survey and CVD drugs contributed toward 58.9% of the refused medicines. Those who refused CVD drugs and analgesics were significantly different in terms of gender, medications dosing frequency, refusal reasons namely side effects, medications use, intentionally skipping dose and skipping the dose when feeling well. No associations were found between forgetfulness and age with refusal to CVD drugs or painkillers. Those who refused CVD medicines had a significantly higher total daily medicines, total daily pill burden, and total number of medicines refused per prescription compared to those who refused analgesics. Cost of CVD medicines refused per prescription was significantly higher compared to analgesics, median Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 10.50 (IQR, RM 15.00) versus median RM 6.00 (IQR, 15.00), P=0.01.

Conclusion: Refusal to CVD medicines and analgesics was associated with several medication’s and patient’s factors. However, higher cost-saving was observed in those refusing CVD medicines.

 

Keywords: cardiovascular disease, analgesics, dispensing, wastage

                                                                                                                              

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 13 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
An evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability at different levels of root canals prepared by self-adjusting file using computed tomography (A comparative study)
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Background: The new concepts and technologies continue to change the dynamics of endodontic practices in the world. Rapid and significant changes in techniques, instrument design, and the type of metals used to manufacture endodontic instruments which have been made during the last few years in an attempt to overcome canal preparation errors. The purpose of this study is to measure and compare canal transportation and centering ability of Self Adjusting File with two rotary nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) systems, ProTaper and BioRaCe at different levels. Material and Methods: Forty five distal roots of mandibular first molars with moderate curvature were selected using Schneider method. Roots were divided randomly into 3 groups of 15 each and were

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2024
Journal Name
Indonesian Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis, Structure and Biological Activity Studies of New Metal Ion Complexes Based on 3-[(3-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-yl-ethylidene)-hydrazono]-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one
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In the present study, a novel ligand (L) made of 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde and 3-hydrazone-1,3-dihydro-indole-2-one(3-[(3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl-ethylidene)-hydrazono]-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one). The ligand was characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, mass, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and CHN elemental analysis. New complexes of this ligand were created by treating methanol and a drop of DMF solution of the produced ligand with the hydrated metal salts of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) in a molar ratio of 2:1 (L:M). As a result, complexes have been emerged and identified FTIR, UV-vis, C.H.N., chloride-containing, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, and atomic absorption. The characterization result for each complex indicated complexes wi

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 12 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Experimental Study of Spatial Self-Phase Modulation (SSPM) Based on Laser Beam and Hybrid Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes/Silver Nanoparticles (F-Mwcnts/Ag-Nps) Acetone Suspensions
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Focusing of Gaussian laser beam through nonlinear media can induce spatial self- phase modulation which forms a far field intensity pattern of concentric rings. The nonlinear refractive index change of material depends on the number of pattern rings. In this paper, a formation of tunable nonlinear refractive index change of hybrid functionalized carbon nanotubes/silver nanoparticles acetone suspensions (F-MWCNTs/Ag-NPs) at weight mixing ratio of 1:3 and volume fraction of 6x10-6 , 9x10-6 , and 18x10-6 using laser beam at wavelength of 473nm was investigated experimentally. The results showed that tunable nonlinear refractive indices were obtained and increasing of incident laser power density led to increase the nonlinear refractive inde

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2022
Journal Name
Sustainable Materials And Technologies
Green approach for fabrication of graphene from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste as reactive material for dyes removal from aqueous solution: Batch and continuous study
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal University Of Kerbala
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metal Complexes of [2-chloro-N-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide] (L)
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A new ligand [ 2-chloro-N- (1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro -1H-pyrazol- 4-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide](L) was synthesized by reacting the Chloro acetyl isothiocyanate with 4-aminoantipyrine,The ligand was characterized by(C HNS) elemental microanalysis and the spectral measurements including Uv-Vis ,IR ,1H and13C NMR spectra, some transition metals complex of this ligand were prepared and characterized by Uv-Vis, FT-IR spectra, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. From the obtained results the molecular formula of all prepared complexes were [M(L)2(H2O)2]Cl2 (M+2 =Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg),the proposed geometrical structure for all complexes were octahedral.

Publication Date
Thu Jan 16 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Biological Control
Toxicity of polymeric nanocapsules prepared from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract against the larvae of <i>Culex pipiens</i> (Diptera: Culicidae)
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The study aimed to prepare a nanocapsules formulation from the acetonic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves, using polymeric capsules, and test its toxicity against the third instar larvae of Culex pipiens mosquitoes. The leaf extract was prepared using acetone as a solvent, and the nano polymeric capsules were prepared using the synthetic polymer polyethylene glycol 4000. The results showed the successful preparation of nano polymeric capsules from the leaf extract, with an average particle size of 259.2 nm, and a nanocapsule diameter of 263.83 nm, as determined by DLS and SEM analysis, respectively. The toxicity results indicated that the nano polymeric capsules of the leaf extract exhibited higher mortality rates, reaching 97.6% a

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Hidden messages in (Pour un oui ou pour un non) of Nathalie Sarraute: Les messages cachés dans "Pour un oui ou pour un non" de Nathalie Sarraute
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       The implicit is the narrative technique used to give indirect hidden messages. To read between the lines means to understand the implicit meaning that is not directly indicated. This technique is expressed in two forms: the hypothesis and the implications of linguistic and non-linguistic rules. Nathalie Sarraute’s "Pour un oui ou pour un non" states this narrative method through her character’s verbal and non-verbal dialogue. The present paper discusses the implicit method and shows the reason behind which  the author uses it in her play "Pour un oui ou pour un non".

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 25 2017
Journal Name
Oriental Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis and Antioxidant Ability of Some New 6-amino-7H- [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl) Derivatives Bearing 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)Phenol Moiety
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Crossref (1)
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 23 2017
Journal Name
Oriental Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis and Antioxidant Ability of Some New 6-amino-7H- [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl) Derivatives Bearing 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)Phenol Moiety
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Compound 4-(((6-amino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)- 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (6) was synthesized by multi steps. The corresponding acetonitrile thioalkyl (7) was cyclized by refluxing with acetic acid to afford 4-(((6-amino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (8). Two new series of 4-(((6-(3- (4-aryl)thioureido)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)-2,6- dimethoxyphenol (9a-c) and of 4-(((6-(substitutedbenzamido)7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (10a-c) were synthesized as new derivatives for fused 1,2,4-trizaole-thiadiazine(8). The antioxidants of newly compounds were evaluated by DPPH

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 14 2014
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Jour. For Pure & Appl. Sci
Synthesis and Characterization of Some O-[2-{''2-Substituted Aryl (''1,''3,''4 thiadiazolyl) ['3,'4-b]-'1,'2,'4- Triazolyl]-Ethyl]-p- chlorobenzald oxime Derivatives
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In this study new derivatives of O-[2-{''2-Substituted Aryl (''1,''3,''4 thiadiazolyl) ['3,'4-b]-'1,'2,'4- Triazolyl]-Ethyl]-p- chlorobenzald oxime (6-11)have been synthesized from the starting material p-chloro – E- benzaldoxime 1.Compound 2 was synthesized by the reaction of p-chloro – E- benzaldoxime with ethyl acrylate in basic medium. Refluxing compound 2 with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol absolute afforded 3. Derivative 4 was prepared by the reaction of 3 with carbon disulphide, treated of compound 4 with hydrazine hydrate gave 5. The derivatives (6-11) were prepared by the reaction of 5 with different substitutesof aromatic acids. The structures of these compounds were characterized from their melting points, infrared spectroscopy

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