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The Difference in Contributing Factors and Costs Associated with Outpatient Refusal to Accept Cardiovascular Medications or Analgesics During Dispensing Process.
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Background: Study looking into cardiovascular disorders (CVD) medicines or analgesics cost-saving activities during dispensing process is lacking.

Aim: To determine differences in factors and costs associated with refused CVD medicines or analgesics during dispensing process

Method: This study was approved by Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC) (Registration number: NMRR-20-177-53153(IIR)). Participants receiving CVD medicines or analgesics during dispensing process were recruited via convenience sampling technique between February and March 2020 at the Specialist Pharmacy Department of Jerantut Hospital, Malaysia. Refusal to medications and its reasons were asked based on the questionnaire developed by the researchers.

Results: Overall, 175 patients participated in this survey and CVD drugs contributed toward 58.9% of the refused medicines. Those who refused CVD drugs and analgesics were significantly different in terms of gender, medications dosing frequency, refusal reasons namely side effects, medications use, intentionally skipping dose and skipping the dose when feeling well. No associations were found between forgetfulness and age with refusal to CVD drugs or painkillers. Those who refused CVD medicines had a significantly higher total daily medicines, total daily pill burden, and total number of medicines refused per prescription compared to those who refused analgesics. Cost of CVD medicines refused per prescription was significantly higher compared to analgesics, median Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 10.50 (IQR, RM 15.00) versus median RM 6.00 (IQR, 15.00), P=0.01.

Conclusion: Refusal to CVD medicines and analgesics was associated with several medication’s and patient’s factors. However, higher cost-saving was observed in those refusing CVD medicines.

 

Keywords: cardiovascular disease, analgesics, dispensing, wastage

                                                                                                                              

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
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Journal Of Population Therapeutics And Clinical Pharmacology
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Sat Jan 31 2026
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Mon Jun 01 2009
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Estimation of the average sample size and defective ratio In a finite individualized inspection with a practical application
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Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Designing and Standardizing two Passing tests for the Initial selection of Individuals With Simple Mental Disabilities In Futsal
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The five-a- Side Soccer for people with a minor mental disability has become as important as many other sporting events. Therefore, the researcher considers that the basic skills tests are suited to the level of the tested individuals in terms of their age and mental ability. The technical aspects were adopted as a means of selecting from They are qualified to practice this game in the simplest form, so show the importance of the problem of research through the design and codification of two tests of handling skills belonging to this category and adopted by the training cadres during the selection process. The research community for people with minor mental disabilities determines the male category of the mental and social disability instit

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Sat Jan 31 2026
Journal Name
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Sun Jul 20 2025
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Study and Investigation of the Charge Transfer Rate Production in N3-Senstized Dye Contact with ZnS Semiconductor System
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In this work, the rate of charge transfer (CT) reaction at the N3-ZnS interface was calculated using a quantitative computational model to evaluate the efficiency of N3-ZnS heterojunction dye-sensitized solar cell devices using different types of solvents. This work discussed the influence of the effective driving energy force on the charge transport rate and performance of N3-ZnS devices with various solvents based on a donor-acceptor model. A solar cell model was used to study the optical efficiency when changing some of its parameters, such as the type of material and the thickness of the film, as they are important factors influencing the quality of the solar cell. It was found that the transition energy varies with different so

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Mon Apr 01 2019
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Violence Efficacy of Parents in Consolidating the Positive Values and Its Relation with Socialization among Intermediated School Students
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The research aims to identify the effectiveness of violence by parents in the consolidation of positive values among students. Additionally, the research aims to identify the differences in violence levels among students regarding their gender (males & females). The study was limited to the intermediate school students in Baghdad city / Karkh2 for the academic year 2017-2018. The results showed that males are more violent than females do and that discrimination led to experience violence more than other methods. The researcher recommends the need to create a positive atmosphere within the school context. For future studies, the researcher suggests conducting a study to identify the violence and its relation to some personal character

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2017
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Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 28 2023
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The reality of the administrative values of sports activities in the Faculties of the University of Baghdad from the point of view of leaders and those related to the divisions and units of student's activities
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The research aimed to identify the level of reality of administrative values of sports activities in the Faculties of the university of Baghdad from the point of view of the leaders and those related to the divisions and units of student's activities and the case study method was adopted from the descriptive approach.