The fouling depositions of crude oil stream were studied theoretically in a shell and tube heat exchanger to investigate the effect of depositions on the heat transfer process. The employed heat exchanger was with steam flowing in the inner tubes and crude oil in the shell at different velocities and bulk temperatures. It is assumed that fouling occurs only on the heated stream side (crude oil). The analysis was carried out for turbulent flow heat transfer conditions with wide range of Reynolds number, bulk temperature and time. Many previously proposed models for fouling resistance were employed to estimate a new model for fouling rate. It is found that the fouling rate and consequently the heat transfer coefficient were affected by Rey

Human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by Leishmania sp. parasite and endemic in Iraq. The current study was including analysis of available database from Iraqi CDC to determine the distribution of CL cases for the period (2008-2015 years) in Iraq. Total reported cases for this period were 17001 (range 2.9-10.5 per 100,000 individuals). Highest reported cases were recorded in the year 2015 (4000 cases). Male infections cases of CL (50.8%) were more than female infections (49.2%). Highest infections of CL were observed in the age group (5-14yr.) as (34.6%), While the lowest infection of CL were observed in the age group (>1yr.) as (4.3%). Highest infection case of CL was observed in the middle and west of Iraq (53%). In contrast,

Tafsir, ‘interpretation’ is one of the most important sciences the Muslims need. Because Allah, Almighty, revealed the Qur’an to be a way of life for the Muslims in which the healing of what is in the chest, including their goodness and their peasant. Allah says:
“O people, an admonition has indeed come to you from your Lord and a healing for what is in the hearts; and a guidance and a mercy for the believers.”
In order to achieve the goal for which God revealed the Quran must be understood and managed verses:” This is a Book that We have revealed to you abounding in good, that they may ponder over its verses, and that those who have understanding may be mindful.”
The Prophet (PBUH) and his companions understood t

Is no longer a football player looks to sport as a means of entertainment and physical development. But become see as part of The economic and is getting in return for the effort of، Through a contract with a club to organize the activity which is called a contract of professional, This contract is similar to the rest of the contracts in terms of problems and dispute that arise during the implementation or after it ends because of the nature of sports to such disputes and privacy being subject to special rules (regulations, national and international professional) required that subject to judicial bodies private mission confined settle sports disputes these entities and is affiliated unions legal committees and the court of arbitration for

The sol-gel preparation technique of transparent silica monoliths containing up to 0.5 M of samarium have been described. The sol-gel processing parameters are: acid catalyzed hydrolysis and controlled drying. The prepared monoliths are analyzed by X-ray diffraction, pycnometer measurements, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy. The oscillator strengths of the Sm3+ ions in the silica monoliths are calculated. The results show a linear concentration dependence of some Sm3+ transitions in UV/Vis absorption spectra and formation of Sm3+ clusters inside the pores structure of silica monoliths at high Sm3+ concentration

   The current study included collection for many fresh specimens, the observation of specimens in some Iraqi herbaria have been studied, although morphological characters of roots, stems, flowers, inflorescences and fruits were included in this work, however indumentums  and pollen grains were studied

The aim of this research is to show the importance of the effective use
of the internet in academic libraries; to improve the services and to increase
the competence of librarians.
The research has given some recommendations to improve the quality
of services and the need for cooperative network among academic libraries.

Iraq is considered the origin of civilization first colonies have been cited in its northern parts , when the first attempt in agriculture and animal breeding were began ,and the cave , were taken as houses. That time the first agricultural colony were colonized in Kirkuk and Mussel . There colonies have been developed to be villages which had another activities in addition to the main activity which was agriculture . The distribution without any administrative planning . Lately , the stochastic distribution starting to disappear due to the planning of cities and their to rural surrounding. This study is involved in the analysis of the patterns of the location distribution of the villages , and the form that taken by the village

This paper is a part of a cytological studies of the genus Bromus L. in Iraq . Cl number for 103 specimens ropro^eming l^species determined . The course of meiosis including an analysis of chromosome configuradon for 27 collections belonging to 8 species were investigated . Meiosis was regular in most species . Tetraploid for B.scoparius L. (new cytotype ) and hexaploid ?'or " Kunth. were re^rted for the first time, cytological findings were supported the view of maintaining the closely related species B.danthoniae Trin. and B.lanceolatus Roth, as distinct species .