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Knowledge and Perception of Iraqi Pharmacists Towards Biosimilar Medicines
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Abstract

Biosimilars are non-innovative copy versions of biologic medicines which are proven to be clinically equivalent to, as effective and as safe as their reference biologics. Biosimilars creates opportunities for cost savings for payers, governments, and patients compared with the reference products. Pharmacist plays an essential role in developing biosimilar medicines from manufacturing to post-marketing pharmacovigilance monitoring. The aim of the current study was to explore  the level of  knowledge, behaviors and practices of  a sample of Iraqi pharmacists towards biosimilar medicines.  The current study was a cross sectional, carried out during May 2020. A total of 264 pharmacists  )143 male, 121 female) were involved in this study.  A web-based self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection . Regarding pharmacists’ knowledge of biosimilar medicines, the results showed that two questions received the highest percentages of adequate answers: biosimilar medicine requires preclinical and clinical studies (58.0%) and biosimilar medicines require more comprehensive data compared to generic drugs (56.1%). In contrast, marketing authorization of biosimilar medicines is granted on the sole investigation of pharmacokinetic bioequivalence received the lowest percentage of adequate answers (21.6%). In addition, the current study showed that more experience years and male gender associated with better knowledge.  With respect to perceptions of pharmacists  about biosimilar medicines, two statements received the highest percentage of pharmacist agreements: biosimilar medicines are tested in terms of efficacy and safety (64.4%) and biosimilar prescription allows for reducing costs (64.4%). At the same time, 40.2% of the participating pharmacists agreed with pharmacist replacing a reference biologic medicines with its biosimilar product. In conclusion, the majority of the surveyed pharmacists had insufficient knowledge towards biosimilar medicines. The study highlighted that Iraqi pharmacists needed more accurate  comprehensive information concerning biosimilar medicines.

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Quantitative Analysis of Isometric Ankle Torque and Muscle Activity during Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
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  Foot and ankle movements are essential in various activities like walking, running, and balance, where the mechanics of these movements are affected by the muscles around the ankle joint [1,2]. In this study, the correlations between isometric ankle torque and muscle activity of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) in the course of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion was investigated. Eight healthy participants were enrolled for the study, where the ankle torque and surface Electromyography (sEMG) of the main flexors were measured and analyzed. The results showed that ankle torque is higher in plantarflexion than dorsiflexion. In addition, the TA has greater muscle activity during dorsiflexion, while the GAS presents higher ac

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 27 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Term Delay and its Jurisprudences in the Section of Punishments and Felonies
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Different Arabic and Islamic societies are free of evil instincts. Therefore, certain provisions of legitimacy came to stress the importance of the intentions of sharia to achieve the interests of all people that involve several aspects, including the five fundamental things: religion, oneself, offspring, mind and money. Almighty Allah has specified certain punishments on those who violate these things by imposing punishments on the part of the criminal to preserve souls. He imposes the penalty of theft to preserve property, the Hadd punishment for adultery to preserve the symptoms, the punishment on the drunk to preserve the mind, and the Hadd punishment for the apostate to preserve the religion. By the adherence to these punishments li

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Arabic prose poem and the antithesis of contrast: poetry _ prose and West _ East
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Arabic prose poem and the antithesis of contrast: poetry _ prose and West _ East

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 13 2021
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis and Characterization and Thermal Properties of New Linked Azo-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Biotechnology,
Isolation and Identification of Multidrug Resistance Among Clinical and Environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common opportunistic pathogen causing morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients due to its multiple resistance mechanisms. Therefore, as a therapeutic option becomes restricted, the search for a new agent is a preference. So P. aeruginosa is an extremely versatile Gram-negative bacterium capable of thriving in a broad spectrum of environments, and this performs main problems to workers in the field of health. One hundred and fifty samples were collected from different sources from Baghdad hospitals, divided into two main groups: clinical (100) specimens and (50) samples as an environmental, collected from October 2019 to the March 2020. All of these samples were cultured by specific and differential

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 03 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
Simultaneous determination of cephalexin and cefixime by first and second derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the basic components and effective in Acol plant
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Key components estimated in Acol total plant leaves and the results were as follows plant Acol humidity 72%

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine And Toxicology
Mouse hepatocellular carcinoma sensitivity to cisplatin and docetaxel and analysis of related proteins
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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Russian Journal Of General Chemistry
Synthesis and Characterization of Metals Complexes with Uracil and Uracil Derivatives (A Review)
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and its Medical Application against Pathogenic Bacteria
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The fabrication of Solid and Hollow silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been achieved and their characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, UV–VIS spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A TEM image revealed a quasispherical form for both Solid and Hollow Ag NPs. The measurement of surface charge revealed that although Hollow Ag NPs have a zeta potential of -43 mV, Solid Ag NPs have a zeta potential of -33 mV. According to UV-VIS spectroscopy measurement Solid and Hollow Ag NPs both showed absorption peaks at wavelengths of 436 nm and 412 nm, respectively. XRD pattern demonstrates that the samples' crystal structure is cubic, similar to that of the bulk materials, with

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