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Knowledge and Perception of Iraqi Pharmacists Towards Biosimilar Medicines
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Abstract

Biosimilars are non-innovative copy versions of biologic medicines which are proven to be clinically equivalent to, as effective and as safe as their reference biologics. Biosimilars creates opportunities for cost savings for payers, governments, and patients compared with the reference products. Pharmacist plays an essential role in developing biosimilar medicines from manufacturing to post-marketing pharmacovigilance monitoring. The aim of the current study was to explore  the level of  knowledge, behaviors and practices of  a sample of Iraqi pharmacists towards biosimilar medicines.  The current study was a cross sectional, carried out during May 2020. A total of 264 pharmacists  )143 male, 121 female) were involved in this study.  A web-based self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection . Regarding pharmacists’ knowledge of biosimilar medicines, the results showed that two questions received the highest percentages of adequate answers: biosimilar medicine requires preclinical and clinical studies (58.0%) and biosimilar medicines require more comprehensive data compared to generic drugs (56.1%). In contrast, marketing authorization of biosimilar medicines is granted on the sole investigation of pharmacokinetic bioequivalence received the lowest percentage of adequate answers (21.6%). In addition, the current study showed that more experience years and male gender associated with better knowledge.  With respect to perceptions of pharmacists  about biosimilar medicines, two statements received the highest percentage of pharmacist agreements: biosimilar medicines are tested in terms of efficacy and safety (64.4%) and biosimilar prescription allows for reducing costs (64.4%). At the same time, 40.2% of the participating pharmacists agreed with pharmacist replacing a reference biologic medicines with its biosimilar product. In conclusion, the majority of the surveyed pharmacists had insufficient knowledge towards biosimilar medicines. The study highlighted that Iraqi pharmacists needed more accurate  comprehensive information concerning biosimilar medicines.

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF ALKALOIDS FROM POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum) PEELS TOWARDS SOME PATHOGENIC FUNGI OF HUMAN: EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF ALKALOIDS FROM POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum) PEELS TOWARDS SOME PATHOGENIC FUNGI OF HUMAN
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This study focused on the role and importance of alkaloid compounds in Punica granatum peels which is one of many wide distribution medicinal fruits. Two kinds of pathogenic fungi were isolated from patients in Baghdad to be tested, also a type of extracts was prepared, alkaloids were isolated and partially purified and detected by two ways, a classic depended technique also used for determine these alkaloids, results showed an observed differences among extracts or treatments towards the fungi samples. So this study was one of the scientific applications to find natural alternative compounds that inhibit the growth of several pathogenic organisms that cause dangers and harms for human health.

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Tacit knowledge of auditors and their reflection on the effectiveness of the performance to some inspectors general offices
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This research aims to find out the extent the reflection of tacit knowledge dimensions (experience, skill, intuition, the ability to think) on Organizational performance of the offices of inspectors general dimensions (internal processes, growth and learning the focus, the focus on the customer) and the measurement and analysis of the type of impact the tacit knowledge of auditors on performance Organizational in inspectors general offices, the research seeks to diagnose the extent of awareness of Office Management knowledge implicit and the attention span of the administration in determining levels and performance levels, and the resolution means the main information-gathering adopted by the researcher, which, as well as his exp

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 03 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
nternational will in the Security Council Towards the Syrian crisis
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Nations witnessed since its existence a state of wills conflict as a result of the intersection and intertwining of interests, through which it sought to achieve its goals and objectives, and this has often led to direct military conflicts and countless wars, and witnessed the entry into global wars in which humanity lost millions of lives and losses .Despite the great changes in the international arena, especially in recent decades, the conflict of wills has not ceased, although some of its features and forms have changed, and it has become more complicated after the withdrawal of this conflict to international organizations and bodies, including the Security Council. It is mandated under the Charter of the United Nations to wor

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Publication Date
Tue May 20 2008
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
The Slum areas between reality and aspiration Towards sustainable environment Case stady”Um AL-warid”
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One of the most enduring expressions of urban poverty in developing countries is the proliferation of slums and informal settlements .these settlements have the most deplorable living and environmental conditions within the city and are characterized by inadequate water supply, squalid conditions of environmental sanitation .overcrowded and dilapidated habitation, hazardous location .insecure tenure and vulnerability to serious health risks among many others .its in recognition of the of the development challenges to significantly improve the lives of at least 800000 people allover the country So our objectives in this research are the ensuring of a durable improvement of housing conditions and housing environment of poor people

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Publication Date
Thu May 14 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Cities of Lebanon from "Planning to Congestion Towards a "flexible mobility culture
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This paper examines the change in planning pattern In Lebanon, which relies on vehicles as a semi-single mode of transport, and directing it towards re-shaping the city and introducing concepts of "smooth or flexible" mobility in its schemes; the concept of a "compact city" with an infrastructure based on a flexible mobility culture. Taking into consideration environmental, economical and health risks of the existing model, the paper focuses on the four foundations of the concepts of "city based on culture flexible mobility, "and provides a SWOT analysis to encourage for a shift in the planning methodology.

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Education Program on Youth's Awareness towards Household Waste Control
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Objective: determine the effectiveness of an education program on youth's level of awareness towards
household waste control.
Methodology: A Quazi-experimental study was conducted. Non-probability (quota sample) of (80) young
persons is selected from Baghdad Governorate. They are divided into two equal groups of (40) subjects for the
study group which is exposed to the household waste control educational program. The remaining is the
control group which is not exposed to the educational program.
Results: The findings of the study indicated that youth of the study group have got benefits from the
implementation of the educational program towards household waste control and change has occurred to
their awareness tow

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 08 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of nurses’ knowledge toward pain management of leukemic child under chemotherapy
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Objective(s): To evaluate nurses' knowledge toward pain management of leukemic child in oncology wards
how were receiving chemotherapy.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted in two hospitals on (40) nurses, who provided care for the
children with leukemia in oncology wards (2) hospitals (Children Welfare Teaching Hospital and Child’s Central
Teaching Hospital) in Baghdad city from October 2010 up to the 27th of October 2011 for the purpose of
evaluating their knowledge towards pain management for leukemic child. A purposive "non-probability
sample" was selected that consisted of (40) nurse who are working in oncology wards. A questionnaire format
was used which consist of (2) parts, the first part includes

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Mental motivation among students of Arabic language departments and its relationship to their attitudes towards the profession
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The aim of the research is to know the level of mental motivation among students of the Arabic language departments in the Faculties of Education in the universities of Baghdad Governorate and its relationship to their attitudes towards the profession, and the level of orientation towards the profession among students of the Arabic language departments in the Faculties of Education. And the correlational relationship between mental motivation and career orientation among students of Arabic language departments in the Faculties of Education, and the current research is determined by students of Arabic language departments in the Faculties of Education and the universities (Education Ibn Rushd-  University of Baghdad, Education- &nbsp

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
Development and Initial Validation of Stigma Towards Healthcare Providers Working with COVID-19 Patients Scale (S19-HCPs)
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Publication Date
Tue Feb 14 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
University Students' Attitudes towards Reading and Its Relationship to Some Demographic Variables in the Sultanate of Oman
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Abstract

The current study aims to identify university students' attitudes towards reading and its relationship to some demographic variables in the universities of the Sultanate of Oman. The study sample consisted of (1434) male and female university students from various Omani public and private universities affiliated with the Ministry of Higher Education. The study covered all (11) governorates of Oman. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher employed a scale of reading attitudes to collect the needed data. The study results showed that university students' reading attitudes recorded a high degree. The results also showed there are statistically significant differences at th

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