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CYP2D6 Genotype in Relation to Liver Toxicity Due to Tetrabenazine in Iraqi Patients with Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
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Abstract

The  common types of movement disorders are ; dystonia which is a syndrome  of  repetitive muscle contractions. While , Huntington disease is autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by involuntary movements (“chorea”).

Tetrabenazine therapy has been shown to effectively control this movements compared with placebo.

Design the proper dosing approach for patients treated with tetrabenazine with genotype polymorphisms and their hepatic effect on patients.

A prospective case controlled study was carried on 50 patients whom    divided into 2 groups :first group involved 25 patients who had chorea, and group 2 included  patients with dystonia, whom treated with (tetrabenazine) for three months. In addition to control group involved 25 healthy subjects . Blood samples were collected at the beginning and after three months  to assess  liver function  in relation to genetic polymorphism of CYP 450 2D6 enzyme for both groups and measuring the plasma concentration of tetrabenazine , alpha and beta  dyhdrotetrabenazine.

The results show a significant CYP 450 2D6 enzyme polymorphism. And elevations of liver enzymes in the patient indicate hepatotoxicity of tetrabenazine and its metabolites,

Determination a genotype of the CYP 450 2D6  genes in Iraqi patients, in relation  to the safety and efficacy of tetrabenazine  .

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 16 2020
Journal Name
مجلة حمورابي
انعكاسات تطور القوة المعلوماتية الامريكية في البيئة الداخلية
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The global globalization the world is experiencing has enabled international actors—states, international governmental and non-governmental organizations, such as liberation movements, international social movements, and even terrorist organizations—to use cyber power to achieve their goals. Therefore, this study discusses the impact of information power on the domestic environment of the United States.

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 08 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Risk factor of urinary incontinence among menopausal women at Babylon city
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Purpose: To identify the risk factors of urinary incontinency for menopausal women.
Methodology: A descriptive analytic study was conducted to identify the risk factor for urinary incontinency
and selected non-probability sample (purposive sample) from (200) menopausal women (45-65) who have
urinary incontinence as visitors and caregiver women who attend at Hila surgical teaching hospital during the
period 1/11/2010-30/3/2011. Questionnaire format used for data collection was designed and constructed
after reviewing related literatures and previous studies and consists of the following variables: Demographic
and reproductive characteristics of menopausal women who suffers from urinary incontinence
Results: The study

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Removal of Cadmium Ions from Wastewater by Batch Experiments
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Adsorption experiments were carried out using two different low-cost sorbent materials, date seeds and olive seeds. These sorbents used as a single phase (not as mixture) to remove cadmium ions from simulated wastewater by adsorption process. The equilibrium time was found at 2 hr. The experiments include different parameters such sorbent type and weight and contact time. It was found that both of olive seed and date seed have approximately the same adsorption capacity (qm) with 15.644 mg/g and 15.2112 mg/g, respectively. Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies have been carried out. Langmuir isotherm model better fits the experimental data compared with the Freundlich isotherm for olive seed, while Freundlich isotherm fits for date se

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Analytical and Numerical Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) of Standard and Modified Involute Profile Spur Gear
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Among all the common mechanical transmission elements, gears still playing the most dominant role especially in the heavy duty works offering extraordinary performance under extreme conditions and that the cause behind the extensive researches concentrating on the enhancement of its durability to do its job as well as possible. Contact stress distribution within the teeth domain is considered as one of the most effective parameters characterizing gear life, performance, efficiency, and application so that it has been well sought for formal gear profiles and paid a lot of attention for moderate tooth shapes. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of pressure angle, speed ratio, and correction factor on the maxi

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
International Medical Journal
The Effect of Adding Poloxamer Surfactant on Cleaning Efficiency of NaOCl and NaOH (SEM Study)
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Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of adding a poloxamer surfactant to the irrigant solutions on its cleaning efficiency. Design: In this study the roots of extracted permanent premolar teeth were used and evaluated by using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Materials and Method: 72 human single tooth of permanent premolar (8 for each group) were used in this in vitro study. Roots after sectioning at cervical area to get 15 mm were embedded in a plastic container filled with impression silicon, then instrumented with ProTaper rotary instruments till size F4. Each group (8 root) were irrigated with one of the nine solutions used in study: three concentrations of NaOH [5% (A1), 2.5%(A2), 0.5%(A3)], th

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EFFECT OF ADDING TWO (Curcuma longa) LEVELS OF CURCUMA ON SOME PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR QUAIL JAPANESE.: EFFECT OF ADDING TWO (Curcuma longa) LEVELS OF CURCUMA ON SOME PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR QUAIL JAPANESE.
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A study carried out in quail’s field owned by the Department of Animal production/ Collage of Agriculture / Tikrit University. For the period 14/ 5/ 2016 to 4/ 6/ 2016 in order to study the effect of adding Curcuma longa - to the diet of quails - on some productive and physiological characteristics of the Japanese quail birds bred for meat production. Using (48) quail birds which are two weeks old provided by Department of Agricultural Research. The birds were divided randomly after weighing them into three treatments; four replicate treatments for (4 bird/ replicate). The treatments as follows: (T1) control group (fed diet without any supplement), second (T2) and third (T3) groups were fed diet supplemental 4.5 and 9g Curcuma powder /

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Trends of journalists and consumers about the phenomenon of food fraud
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Food comes after air and water in terms of importance in the survival of human beings, In addition, it is the support and strength of health and support, if lost or destroyed man would die or get sick and become a heavy burden on himself and his society. Food, like other sources of life, is subject to various risks and corruption comes from countless sources. Among these dangers is the result of spontaneousness, lack of knowledge or compulsion due to the interaction of variables beyond the will of the producer and the consumer, such as pollution of water, air and environment and their reflection on food consumed by people. However, we can’t deny that some reasons of corruption are intentional and resulting from a planning in advance in

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 30 2008
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes towards AIDS among Intermediate and Secondary School Teachers; Baghdad
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Back ground: AIDS is considered a dreaded disease.
According to recent estimates, 42 million people suffer
from HIV/AIDS (90% of these being in the developing
countries), with 5 million people newly infected with HIV
and 3.1 million deaths in the year 2002 globally. At
present, there is no effective vaccine to prevent the
disease. Hence, Health education (Information, Education
and Communication) activities bringing about behavioral
changes in the community, promoting healthy sexual
behavior and preventing the risky ones is the best possible
solution to the problem of AIDS.
Objectives: To find out the knowledge, beliefs and
attitudes regarding various aspects of HIV/AIDS amongst
intermediate and sec

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Analyzing impact of competitive dimensions on the efficiency of e-learning: دراسه استطلاعيه
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The aim of this research is to diagnose the impact of competitive dimensions represented by quality, cost, time, flexibility on the efficiency of e-learning, The research adopted the descriptive analytical method by identifying the impact of these dimensions on the efficiency of e-learning, as well as the use of the statistical method for the purpose of eliciting results. The research concluded that there is an impact of the competitive dimensions on the efficiency of e-learning, as it has been proven that the special models for each of the research hypotheses are statistically significant and at a level of significance of 5%, and that each of these dimensions has a positive impact on the dependent variable, and the research recommended

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 02 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Sensitivity of Ce doped CuO for NO2 gas
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In this work the structural, optical and sensitive properties of Cerium - Copper oxide thin film prepared on silicon and glass substrate by the spray pyrolysis technique at a temperature of (200, 250, 300 °C). The results of (XRD) showed that all the prepared films were of a polycrystalline installation and monoclinic crystal structure with a preferable directions was (111) of CuO. Optical characteristics observed that the absorption coefficient has values for all the prepared CuO: Ce% (104 cm-1) in the visible spectrum, indicating that all the thin films prepared have a direct energy gap. Been fabrication of gas sensors of (CuO: Ce %) within optimum preparation conditions and study sensitivity properties were examined her exposed to ni

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