A new four series of 2,2′-([1,1′- phenyl or biphenyl]-4,4′-diylbis(azanediyl)) bis(N′-((E)-1-(4-alkoxyphenyl) ethylidene) acetohydrazide) [V-XI]a,b and 1,1′-(2,2′-([1,1′- phenyl or biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl bis(azanediyl)) bis- (acetyl)) bis(3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbalde hyde) [XII-XVIII]a,b have been synthesized by varying terminal lateral alkoxy chain length (n = 1–3, 5–8), central linkage group (phenyl or biphenyl) and induced pyrazole heterocyclic ring in the main chain. The last two series were synthesized by the cyclization of substituted acetophenone hydrazones with Vilsmeier–Haack reagent (DMF/POCl3) to produce 4-formylpyrazole derivatives. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were examine

In this work, γ-Al2O3NPs were successfully biosynthesized, mediated aluminum nitrate nona hydrate Al(NO3)3.9H2O, sodium hydroxide, and aqueous clove extract in alkali media. The γ-Al2O3NPs were characterized by different techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy–dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The final results indicated the γ-Al2O3NPs nanoparticle size, bonds nature, element phase, crystallinity, morphology, surface image, particle analysis – threshold detection, and the topography parameter. The id

A series of heterogeneous basic catalysts of CaO, MgO and CaMgO₂ at different calcination temperature were synthesized via solution combustion method. Different characterization techniques have been carried out to investigate the structure of the produced catalysts i.e. X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer, morphology by atomic force microscope (AFM) and reflection using UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectra. The particles size analyzer revealed that the mixed oxide catalysts calcined at different calcination temperature possess smaller nano size particles compared to pure CaO. Moreover, the energy band gap was calculated based on the results of diffuse reflectance spectra. The energy band gap was redu

The design, synthesis, and characterization of a star shaped 2,4,6-tris-(4`-carboxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine liquid crystalline with columnar discotic mesophase properties establish H-bond interactions with 3,5-dialkoxypyidine were reported. The structures of the synthesized compounds were actually determined by elementary analysis, and FT-IR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, and mass spectroscopy. The mesomorphic properties of these mesogens were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical polarizing microscopy (OPM). The synthesized molecules exhibited enantiotropic hexagonal columnar liquid crystal, which depends for the H- bond complex in a 1:3 ratio.

Gelatin is a valuable substance that is known to have a complex 3D structure, but it has limited adsorption efficiency, which limit its application at physiological temperature. In this paper, gelatin was improved by the addition of glutaraldehyde (GTA) to enhance its ability to adsorb dye in aqueous solution. The adsorption experiments were conducted under different conditions, such as the amount of adsorbent, the concentration of the dye, and the temperature. The study found that the qe by GTA-GE (4.978 to 23.056 mg/g) and GE (4.8 to 21.333 mg/g) increased with the increase of initial dye concentrations but decreased with the amount of adsorbent. The parameters at equilibrium were at a pH of 4 and a dose of adsorbent of 100 mg in

Some new 2,5-disubsituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with azo group were synthesized by known reactions sequence . The structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by physical and spectral means .

New 1,2,4-triazole derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MB) are reported. Ethyl (benzimidazole-2-yl thio) acetate (1) has been prepared by condensing 2-mercaptobenzimidazole with ethylchloroacetate. The ester (1) on reacting with hydrazine hydrate gave the corresponding acetohydrazide(2)which was reacted separately with phenylisocyanate and phenylisothiocyanate, followed by ring closure in an alkaline medium giving 3-[(benzimidazole-2-yl thio) methyl]-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-ol and 3-[(benzimidazole-2-yl thio) methyl]-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol respectively (6,7). Reaction of acetohydrazide (2) with CS2 and ethanol/KOH, gave dithiocarbazate salt (8). Cyclization of (8) with hydrazine hydrate gave 3-[(benzimi

Some metal ions (Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Zn+2, Cd+2 and Hg+2) complexes of quinaldic acid (QuinH) and α-picoline (α-Pic) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of their , FTIR, (U.V-Vis) spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. From the results obtained the following general formula has suggested for the prepared complexes [M(Quin)2( α-Pic)2].XH2O where M+2 = (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg), X = 2, X = zero for (Co+2 and Hg+2) complexes, (Quin-) = quinaldate ion, (α-Pic) = α-picoline. The results showed that the deprotonated ligand (QuinH) by using (KOH) coordinated to metal ions as bidentate ligand through the oxygen atom of the carboxylate group (-COO-) and the nitrogen ato