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Application of the One-Step Second-Derivative Method for Solving the Transient Distribution in Markov Chain
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Markov chains are an application of stochastic models in operation research, helping the analysis and optimization of processes with random events and transitions. The method that will be deployed to obtain the transient solution to a Markov chain problem is an important part of this process. The present paper introduces a novel Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) approach to solve the Markov chain problem. The probability distribution of a continuous-time Markov chain with an infinitesimal generator at a given time is considered, which is a resulting solution of the Chapman-Kolmogorov differential equation. This study presents a one-step second-derivative method with better accuracy in solving the first-order Initial Value Problems (IVPs) compared to other approaches found in the literature, which is verified by the obtained solutions. The determination of the transient solutions for Markov chains is presented using the proposed method. The results show better accuracy in solving the transient distribution in Markov chains, which implies that there is an improved assurance in adopting this approach in future studies of the Markov chain modeling process for predicting future events based on the current state of a process. Future studies on Markov chain modeling could adopt the introduced method to predict future events based on the current state of a process.

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 09 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of integration between the earned value management model and the value flow map in rationalizing the costs of construction projects: applied research in Al-Rasheed General Company for Construction Contracting
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The research problem is that most of the construction projects exceed the planned value, due to the failure to implement the plans on time. The current study aims to monitor the implementation of the project and for each of the executed tasks of the table of quantities in order to detect deviations at the time they occur, evaluate the time and cost performance, and then identify the areas of waste and analyze the implementation of each task in order to diagnose the underlying problems and find possible and applicable solutions in the environment Iraqi. The research was applied in one of the companies specialized in the field of construction projects, and one of the most important conclusions reached is the possibility of applying

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Geotechnical Engineering And Sustainable Construction
Evaluation of Live Load Distribution Factors of a Highway Bridge
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Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
A Modified Organic Method for Preparation of Ibuprofen Microcapsules As a Sustained Release Solid Dosage Form
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ABSTRACT:
Microencapsulation is used to modify and retard drug release as well as to overcome the unpleasant effect
(gastrointestinal disturbances) which are associated with repeated and overdose of ibuprofen per day.
So that, a newly developed method of microencapsulation was utilized (a modified organic method) through a
modification of aqueous colloidal polymer dispersion method using ethylcellulose and sodium alginate coating materials to
prepare a sustained release ibuprofen microcapsules.
The effect of core : wall ratio on the percent yield and encapsulation efficiency of prepared microcapsules was low, whereas
, the release of drug from prepared microcapsules was affected by core: wall ratio ,proportion of coa

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry
Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics over a backward-facing step (BFS) containing square-rectangular ribs integrated as forward-facing steps (FFS)
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Chemical Health Risks
Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of some New Oxazolidin-5-one Derivatives Derived from Imine Compounds
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In this research, 5- membered heterocyclic compounds as oxazolidine-5-one J1-J5 derivatives were prepared using primary aromatic amine, aromatic carbonyl compounds and chloroacetic acid. By combining primary aromatic amines and aromatic carbonyl compounds, Schiff's bases were synthesized. Schiff bases are used with the chloroacetic acid compound to prepare oxazolidine-5-one J1-J5 derivatives. The compounds J1-J5 were described using NMR spectroscopy and FT-IR. .The biological efficacy was evaluated according to maximum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) toward Staphyloccoccus aureus and Esherichia coli. The best MIC was 210 μg ml-1 for J4 against the two pathogenic bacteria, while J1, J4, and J1 did not show any inhibitory effect against all

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Publication Date
Mon May 15 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Synthesis of New Schiff Bases and 2,3-Disubstituted 1,3-Thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives Containing Benzothiazole Moiety
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  Two series of Schiff Bases and 2,3-disubstituted-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives  were synthesized . Reaction of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with α-chloro acetic acid gave compound[I]. Esterification of carboxylic moity of compound [I] , using absolute methanol in the presence of conc . H2SO4 yielded acorresebonding ester  [II] , wich was condensation with hydrazine hydrate to give acid hydrazide [III] . The new Schiff bases [V]n were synthesized by reaction of acid hydrizide with dialdehyde [IV]n  in the presence of glacial acetic acid . The thiazolidinone derivatives [VI]n  have been obtained from the azomethines through the addition of thioglycolic acid . Their chemical structures have been confirmed by mel

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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Cooling Load Calculations For Typical Iraqi Roof And Wall Constructions Using Ashrae's RTS Method
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The present work is an attempt to develop design data for an Iraqi roof and wall constructions using the latest ASHRAE Radiant Time Series (RTS) cooling load calculation method. The work involves calculation of cooling load theoretically by introducing the design data for Iraq, and verifies the results experimentally by field measurements. Technical specifications of Iraqi construction materials are used to derive the conduction time factors that needed in RTS method calculations. Special software published by Oklahoma state university is used to extract the conduction factors according to the technical specifications of Iraqi construction materials.  Good agreement between the average theoretical and measured cooli

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Darwinian Philosophy as Optimization Method for Design High Reflection Mirror Include New Merit Function
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In this paper we proposes the philosophy of the Darwinian selection as synthesis method called Genetic algorithm ( GA ), and include new merit function with simple form then its uses in other works for designing one of the kinds of multilayer optical filters called high reflection mirror. Here we intend to investigate solutions for many practical problems. This work appears designed high reflection mirror that have good performance with reduction the number of layers, which can enable one to controlling the errors effect of the thickness layers on the final product, where in this work we can yield such a solution in a very shorter time by controlling the length of the chromosome and optimal genetic operators . Res

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Degree of Availability of Moral Values in the Arabic Language Textbook (Al-Mu’nes) For Grades Eleven and Twelve For Post-Basic Education in The Sultanate of Oman
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          The current study aimed to reveal the moral values available in the Arabic language textbook (Al-Mu’nes) for   grades eleven and twelve for post-basic education in the Sultanate of Oman. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach using the sentence as measuring unit in the analysis process. The five fields of moral values and their subcategories values represented the categories of the analysis. Iterations of values and the percentages of iteration were calculated in those textbooks. Moreover and the analysis and stability of the process were confirmed.

         After referring to previous studies, it was possible to de

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Using Especial Exercises Suggested for Developing of Accuracy Direction by Fencing in Foil for the Players of the National Team of the Young who Handicap
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