The experiment aimed to Manufacture a device for checking the nozzles and testing its efficiency and to study the effect of research factors on the studied traits. The device was manufactured locally through using materials available in the Iraqi market. The system is Both Hydraulic and electronic (ISO 5682-1)1 relay on sensors technology and the test platform was built and designed on a movable trolly at the department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment / College of Agricultural Science / University of Baghdad. The design includes the use of mechanical water pump and electrical AC water pump. The design includes a nozzle holder that can accommodate three nozzles per test. The design also consists of spreading wings and stationary wing that can accommodate 50 vessels and 50 ultra-sonic sensors. All that is controlled by a main control unit which consists of three branch modules (each one of them is responsible to collect and analyze data from several sensors on each of the wings. The idea behind the design is to merge between actual spraying and the use of electronic sensors to analyze the size of the sprayed liquid in each of the vessels, the concept of the design is based upon Volumetric distribution of the liquid. The concept of the device was based on using ultra sonic sensors to measure the volumetric distribution of liquids. The experiment aimed to determine the effects of these factors on flow rate, spraying angle, sprayed area, spraying swath, volumetric distribution (CV), and symmetry. The experiment was conducted at the college of Agricultural science, Baghdad University. The results showed that the spraying pressure had a non-significant effect on flow rate. However, increasing the pressure from 3.0 to 5.0 and then to 7.0 bar resulted in flow rates of 1.314, 1.286, and 1.36 l/m, respectively. The status of the nozzle (new or worn) did not significantly affect the flow rate, with new nozzles registering a slightly higher flow rate of 1.327 l/m compared to worn nozzles (1.312 l/m). On the other hand, the type of nozzle had a significant impact on flow rate, with plastic, brass, and steel nozzles registering flow rates of 1.243, 1.422, and 1.29 l/m, respectively. Regarding the spraying angle, the results indicated that the spraying pressure had a significant effect. Increasing the pressure from 3.0 to 5.0 and then to 7.0 bar resulted in spraying angles of 132, 132, and 136 degrees, respectively. The nozzle status significantly affected the spraying angle, with worn nozzles resulting in a higher angle of 137 degrees compared to new nozzles (130 degrees). However, the type of nozzle did not significantly affect the spraying angle. For the sprayed area, the spraying pressure had a significant effect, with higher pressures resulting in larger sprayed areas. Worn nozzles also significantly increased the sprayed area compared to new nozzles. The type of nozzle had a significant impact on the sprayed area, with plastic, brass, and steel nozzles resulting in areas of 70.4, 80.44, and 89.16 cm2, respectively. The experiment proved that nozzles must be tested periodically, otherwise they start to perform beyond the parameters they were designed to perform with.
With the spread of the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in developing countries for use in domestic cooking with the increase in the expansion and distribution of gas pipelines for residential buildings, the 2002 World Summit focused on sustainable development in clean energy for natural gas (NG) and LPG. The research aims to focus on the important aspects of design sustainability from an environmental point of view to reduce gas leakage, accidents, and explosions that occur socially to expand the distribution of LPG and motivate the consumers to use it instead of natural gas and other fuels, and from an economic point of view to take into account the annual cost and aesthetic imp
The aims of this thesis are to study the topological space; we introduce a new kind of perfect mappings, namely j-perfect mappings and j-ω-perfect mappings. Furthermore, we devoted to study the relationship between j-perfect mappings and j-ω-perfect mappings. Finally, certain theorems and characterization concerning these concepts are studied. On the other hand, we studied weakly/ strongly forms of ω-perfect mappings, namely -ω-perfect mappings, weakly -ω-perfect mappings and strongly-ω-perfect mappings; also, we investigate their fundamental properties. We devoted to study the relationship between weakly -ω-perfect mappings and strongly -ω-perfect mappings. As well as, some new generalizations of some definitions wh
... Show MoreIn this ˑwork, we present theˑ notion of the ˑgraph for a KU-semigroup as theˑundirected simple graphˑ with the vertices are the elementsˑ of and weˑˑstudy the ˑgraph ofˑ equivalence classesˑofˑ which is determinedˑ by theˑ definition equivalenceˑ relation ofˑ these verticesˑ, andˑ then some related ˑproperties areˑ given. Several examples are presented and some theorems are proved. Byˑ usingˑ the definitionˑ ofˑ isomorphicˑ graph, ˑwe showˑ thatˑ the graphˑ of equivalence ˑclasses ˑand the ˑgraphˑof ˑa KU-semigroup ˑ areˑ theˑ sameˑ, in special cases.
In this paper, we introduce the notions of Complete Pseudo Ideal, K-pseudo Ideal, Complete K-pseudo Ideal in pseudo Q-algebra. Also, we give some theorems and relationships among them are debated.
Background: evaluate the effects of three different intracoronal bleaching agents on the shear bond strengths (SBS) and failure site of stainless steel and monocrystalline (sapphire) orthodontic brackets bonded to endodontically treated teeth using light cured orthodontic adhesive in vitro. Materials and methods: Eighty extracted sound human upper first premolars were selected, endondontically treated and randomly divided equally (according to the type of the brackets used) into two main groups (n = 40 per group). Each main group were subdivided (according to the bleaching agent used) into four subgroups 10 teeth each; as following : control (un bleached) group, hydrogen peroxide group (Hp) 35%, carbamide peroxide group (CP) 37% group and s
... Show MoreThis study was designed for isolation and molecular identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) from fish during the period between October and December 2017 from Karbla province, Iraq. This study included 200 fresh fish samples from four different species including Spondyliosoma cantharus, Liza abu, Carassius carassius and Cyprinuscarpio. Three samples of each fish were taken including gills, muscles and all internal organs. The samples were processed by decontamination, concentration of 4% sodium hydroxide, and 0.1 ml of sediment was streaking on Löwenstein Johnson (LJ) media; then the bacterial cultures were incubated at 28-30 °C for 3days up to 4 weeks and suspected colonies were stained with acid fast stain to confir
... Show MoreThe research aims to measure the economic efficiency and technological change and the total productivity of resources using the parameter and non-parameter methods, for agricultural companies registered in the Iraqi stock exchange, the number of 6 companies for the period from 2005 to 2017 based on the hypothesis that the agricultural companies do not achieve economic efficiency and does not control the management of its operations, and It may be technically efficient but the size of its operations is not optimal. From non-parametric methods, the data envelope analysis method was used. Using the DEAP program, the Middle East Company achieved the highest average technical and cost efficiency of 0.62 and 0.58, respectively. The Iraq
... Show MoreObjective(s): In the present study, glycerin is used as a substitute for tin-foil and cold mold seal (Alginate mould seal)
in the process of curing heat and cold-cure acrylic resin denture base against stone and plaster.
Methodology: 60 specimens were prepared from heat-cure acrylic resin and cold-cure acrylic resin denture base. The
study includes 12 groups of specimens depending on the type of processing, investment material and type of
separating medium that are used in curing process. Each group of them contains 5 specimens for each test.
Some of physical properties of the processed acrylic denture base that (water sorption and solubility) have been
compared with those processed using tin-foil and tin-foil substitut