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Evaluating of Different Types of Agricultural Nozzles Locally Used in Iraq
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The experiment aimed to Manufacture a device for checking the nozzles and testing its efficiency and to study the effect of research factors on the studied traits. The device was manufactured locally through using materials available in the Iraqi market. The system is Both Hydraulic and electronic (ISO 5682-1)1 relay on sensors technology and the test platform was built and designed on a movable trolly at the department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment / College of Agricultural Science / University of Baghdad. The design includes the use of mechanical water pump and electrical AC water pump. The design includes a nozzle holder that can accommodate three nozzles per test. The design also consists of spreading wings and stationary wing that can accommodate 50 vessels and 50 ultra-sonic sensors. All that is controlled by a main control unit which consists of three branch modules (each one of them is responsible to collect and analyze data from several sensors on each of the wings. The idea behind the design is to merge between actual spraying and the use of electronic sensors to analyze the size of the sprayed liquid in each of the vessels, the concept of the design is based upon Volumetric distribution of the liquid. The concept of the device was based on using ultra sonic sensors to measure the volumetric distribution of liquids. The experiment aimed to determine the effects of these factors on flow rate, spraying angle, sprayed area, spraying swath, volumetric distribution (CV), and symmetry. The experiment was conducted at the college of Agricultural science, Baghdad University. The results showed that the spraying pressure had a non-significant effect on flow rate. However, increasing the pressure from 3.0 to 5.0 and then to 7.0 bar resulted in flow rates of 1.314, 1.286, and 1.36 l/m, respectively. The status of the nozzle (new or worn) did not significantly affect the flow rate, with new nozzles registering a slightly higher flow rate of 1.327 l/m compared to worn nozzles (1.312 l/m). On the other hand, the type of nozzle had a significant impact on flow rate, with plastic, brass, and steel nozzles registering flow rates of 1.243, 1.422, and 1.29 l/m, respectively. Regarding the spraying angle, the results indicated that the spraying pressure had a significant effect. Increasing the pressure from 3.0 to 5.0 and then to 7.0 bar resulted in spraying angles of 132, 132, and 136 degrees, respectively. The nozzle status significantly affected the spraying angle, with worn nozzles resulting in a higher angle of 137 degrees compared to new nozzles (130 degrees). However, the type of nozzle did not significantly affect the spraying angle. For the sprayed area, the spraying pressure had a significant effect, with higher pressures resulting in larger sprayed areas. Worn nozzles also significantly increased the sprayed area compared to new nozzles. The type of nozzle had a significant impact on the sprayed area, with plastic, brass, and steel nozzles resulting in areas of 70.4, 80.44, and 89.16 cm2, respectively. The experiment proved that nozzles must be tested periodically, otherwise they start to perform beyond the parameters they were designed to perform with.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Analysis of Different Hand and Finger Grip Patterns using Surface Electromyography and Hand Dynamometry
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Recording an Electromyogram (EMG) signal is essential for diagnostic procedures like muscle health assessment and motor neurons control. The EMG signals have been used as a source of control for powered prosthetics to support people to accomplish their activities of daily living (ADLs). This work deals with studying different types of hand grips and finding their relationship with EMG activity. Five subjects carried out four functional movements (fine pinch, tripod grip and grip with the middle and thumb finger, as well as the power grip). Hand dynamometer has been used to record the EMG activity from three muscles namely; Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR), Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS), and Abductor Pollicis Brevis (ABP) with different

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Bayesian Estimator for the Scale Parameter of the Normal Distribution Under Different Prior Distributions
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In this study, we used Bayesian method to estimate scale parameter for the normal distribution. By considering three different prior distributions such as the square root inverted gamma (SRIG) distribution and the non-informative prior distribution and the natural conjugate family of priors. The Bayesian estimation based on squared error loss function, and compared it with the classical estimation methods to estimate the scale parameter for the normal distribution, such as the maximum likelihood estimation and th

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 07 2022
Journal Name
Public Works Management & Policy
Impact of Pandemic SARS COVID-19 on Different Construction Project Management: Problems and Solutions
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This study discusses risk management strategies caused by pandemic-related (Covid-19) suspensions in thirty-six engineering projects of different types and sizes selected from countries in the middle east and especially Iraq. The primary data collection method was a survey and questionnaire completed by selected project crew and laborers. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel to construct models to help decision-makers find solutions to the scheduling problems that may be expected to occur during a pandemic. A theoretical and practical concept for project risk management that addresses a range of global and local issues that affect schedule and cost is presented and results indicate that the most significant delays are due to a

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
A comparative Analytical Investigation of Different Geomagnetic Storms During Solar Cycles 23 and 24
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Abstract<p>In this work, the geomagnetic storms that occurred during solar cycles 23 and 24 were classified based on the value of the Disturbance Storm Time index (Dst), which was considered an indicator of the strength of geomagnetic conditions. The special criterion of Dst >-50 nT was adopted in the classification process of the geomagnetic storms based on the minimum daily value of the Dst-index. The number of geomagnetic storms that occurred during the study period was counted according to the adopted criteria, including moderate storms with (Dst >-50 nT), strong storms with (Dst >-100 nT), severe storms with (Dst >-200 nT), and great storms with (Dst >-350 nT). The statistica</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 22 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Thermal Conductivity Performance of Silica Aerogel after Exposition on Different Heating under Ambient Pressure
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         The varied thermal conductivity (insulation) of silica aerogel with heating for different pH has been investigated, it has been depended on ambient pressure drying method in the preparing silica aerogel samples, also six different pH of samples (1, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9) were treated under five degree of heating with (50,100,150,200 and 250) ᴼC. This technique is important to test the carry-outs hydrophobic silica to temperature without high-quality material changes in the basic characteristics. The hot-wire technique is used in this work to examine the thermal conductivity, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) depended to characterize the bonds and their artificial by heating. Resu

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy
Modeling of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution via high voltage alkaline electrolyzer with different nano-electrocatalysts
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Publication Date
Wed Apr 30 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Calculating the Variation of the Universal Parameter (Variable) Using Kepler's Equation for Different Orbits
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Stumpff functions are an infinite series that depends on the value of z. This value results from multiplying the reciprocal semi-major axis with a universal anomaly. The purpose from those functions is to calculate the variation of the universal parameter (variable) using Kepler's equation for different orbits. In this paper, each range for the reciprocal of the semi-major axis, universal anomaly, and z is calculated in order to study the behavior of Stumpff functions C(z) and S(z). The results showed that when z grew, Stumpff functions for hyperbola, parabola, and elliptical orbits were also growing. They intersected and had a tendency towards zero for both hyperbola and parabola orbits, but for elliptical orbits, Stumpff functions

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 13 2012
Journal Name
Kut Journal For Economic And Administrative Sciences
Using Different Methods to Estimate the Parameters of Probability Death Density Function with Application
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In this paper, the maximum likelihood estimates for parameter ( ) of two parameter's Weibull are studied, as well as white estimators and (Bain & Antle) estimators, also Bayes estimator for scale parameter ( ), the simulation procedures are used to find the estimators and comparing between them using MSE. Also the application is done on the data for 20 patients suffering from a headache disease.

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 07 2022
Journal Name
Public Works Management &amp; Policy
Impact of Pandemic SARS COVID-19 on Different Construction Project Management: Problems and Solutions
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This study discusses risk management strategies caused by pandemic-related (Covid-19) suspensions in thirty-six engineering projects of different types and sizes selected from countries in the middle east and especially Iraq. The primary data collection method was a survey and questionnaire completed by selected project crew and laborers. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel to construct models to help decision-makers find solutions to the scheduling problems that may be expected to occur during a pandemic. A theoretical and practical concept for project risk management that addresses a range of global and local issues that affect schedule and cost is presented and results indicate that the most significant delays are due to a

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Crossref (4)
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Publication Date
Tue Apr 05 2022
Journal Name
Nano Hybrids And Composites
Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanostructures Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method at Different Conditions
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a modified hydrothermal approach at different reaction temperatures and growth times. Moreover, a thorough morphological, structural and optical investigation was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultra-violate visible light spectroscopy (UV-Vis.), and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. Notably, SEM analysis revealed the occurrence of nanorods-shaped surface morphology with a wide range of length and diameter. Meanwhile, a hexagonal crystal structure of the ZnO nanoparticles was perceived using XRD analysis and crystallite size ranging from 14.7 to 23.8 nm at 7 and 8 ℎ𝑟𝑠., respectively. The prepared ZnO samples showed good abso

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