Background: Lamotrigine is a second generation Anti-epileptic drug; it is widely used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Sufficient data is not available concerning its teratogenicity. Aim of the study: The study has been carried out to evaluate the effect of lamotrigine on Rat kidney development. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 10 pregnant Albino Rats (Rattus rattus) divided equally into two groups, control and experiment groups. Experiment group received lamotrigne 10mg/kg/day orally using naso-gastric tube from the first day of gestation until the first week after birth, while the control group received distilled water. Newborn kidneys were collected at day 7 postnatal and fixated in bouin’s solution, then embedded in the paraffin wax and left to become hard block. Strip of 5µm thickness was made using rotary microtome and blot on clean slides. The slides pass through staining technique using haematoxyllin-eosin and periodic acid Schiff stains. The slides examined under microscope and the kidneys were examined used scanning electron microscope. Results: Normal and well differentiated glomeruli and renal tubules were seen in the kidneys of the control group while a wide range of defect in the renal cortex and medulla elements were seen in the kidneys of treated group represented by enlargement, shrinkage, atrophy and fusion of glomeruli, damaging of the outer layer of bowman capsule with losing of nuclei, atubular glomeruli, extensive adhesion of glomerular tufts to bowman capsule. Expansion, disappearance and irregular capsular (bowman’s) space, cell death, detachment of cell from the basement membrane, dilatation of renal tubules, tubular atrophy, swelling of tubular cells, damaging of epithelium lining of renal tubules with nuclei losses and hemorrhage. Statistically significant differences have been shown in the diameter of renal corpuscle, glomerular tuft, proximal and distal convoluted tubules (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the average diameter of Bowman’s space and podocyte between the control and experiment groups. Conclusion and Recommendation: The present study concludes that lamotrigine has teratogenic effects on the development of the rat’s kidney. Further research must be carried out to corroborate these findings and establish their applicability to humans
The aim of this paper is to present a weak form of -light functions by using -open set which is -light function, and to offer new concepts of disconnected spaces and totally disconnected spaces. The relation between them have been studied. Also, a new form of -totally disconnected and inversely -totally disconnected function have been defined, some examples and facts was submitted.
Finding a new source of resistance is important to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides, which can meet the global need of suppressing pollution. In this study, the resistance of eight eggplant cultivars to Aphis gossypii was evaluated. Results of the current study highlighted that the cultivar Long-Green has a very strong resistance after 14 days post infestation whereas Pearl-Round and White-Casper cultivars were susceptible. The rest of the tested cultivars (Green-oblong, Purple-panter, Paris, Ashbilia, and Barcelona) had mild resistance. Also, the study found significant differences between the infested and non-infested plants among the tested cultivars in the plant’s height, fresh-, and dry-weight. The susceptible cultivars
... Show MoreBackground: Even the wide use of dental implants, still there is a proportion of implants are failed due to infection. Much considerable attention has been paid to modify the implant surface. Coating of dental implant with a biocomposite material of suitable properties can improve osseointegration. And this is the main concern of this study. The aim of present study was to evaluate the use of a biocomposite coating of dental implant with (ceramic nano Al2O3 and metalic AgNo3) on the bond strength at bone – implant interface and tissue reaction. Materials and methods: A total number of forty-eight screws, CpTi dental implant used in this study. Half of these screws were coated with a biocomposite material of nano (Al2O3and AgNo3), thi
... Show MoreHarriet Jacobs was a writer and a reformer. As a female writer in the nineteenth century, Jacobs wrote her narrative as a means of resisting the system of slavery. She wrote her book Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself, (1842) to reflect upon the exploitation of the black people and the need to change the hierarchal attitude that governs white/black relations. She was engaged in many abolitionist events and her anti-slavery approach appeared clearly in her writings. She shares Du Bios ideas about freedom and emancipation and the need for a political and cultural change. Thus, Du Bois’s theory provides a framework for her autobiographical novel where she portrays Linda Brent, the main character, a strong wille
... Show MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the histopathological response of dentinopulpal
response of human teeth to the Er: YAG laser cavity preparation in comparison with the conventional
class I cavity preparation. Thirty five sound human upper and lower first premolar teeth which were
needed to be extracted for orthodontic purposes were used in the study. Regarding to the method of
cavity preparation, the teeth were grouped into three groups; Group1; Control group which consists of
seven sound teeth without cavity preparation, Group2; Conventional cavity preparation group and group
3; Er: YAG laser cavity preparation group. Each of Group2 and3 consists of fourteen teeth that is
subdivided into: A. 7teeth that e
Harriet Jacobs was a writer and a reformer. As a female writer in the nineteenth century, Jacobs wrote her narrative as a means of resisting the system of slavery. She wrote her book Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself, (1842) to reflect upon the exploitation of the black people and the need to change the hierarchal attitude that governs white/black relations. She was engaged in many abolitionist events and her anti-slavery approach appeared clearly in her writings. She shares Du Bios ideas about freedom and emancipation and the need for a political and cultural change. Thus, Du Bois’s theory provides a framework for her autobiographical novel where she portrays Linda Brent, the main character, a strong w
... Show MoreIn this study, dead and live anaerobic biomass was used in biosorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II) ions from a synthetic wastewater. The biosorption was investigated by batch adsorption experiments. It was found that, the biosorption capacities were significantly affected by biosorbent dosage. The process follows Langmuir isotherm (regression coefficient 0.995, 0.99 and 0.987 for Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II) ions, respectively, onto dead anaerobic biomass) model with uniform distribution over the biomass surface. The experimental uptake capacity was 51.56, 29.2 and 28 mg/g for Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II), respectively, onto dead anaerobic biomass, compared with 35, 13.6 and 11.8 mg/g for Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II), respectively, onto live
... Show MoreIn this research Bi2S3 thin films have been prepared on glass substrates using chemical spray pyrolysis method at substrate temperature (300oC) and molarity (0.015) mol. Structural and optical properties of the thin films above have been studied; XRD analysis demonstrated that the Bi2S3 films are polycrystalline with (031) orientation and with Orthorhombic structure. The optical properties were studied using the spectral of the absorbance and transmission of films in wavelength ranging (300-1100) nm. The study showed that the films have high transmission within the range of the visible spectrum. Also absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and the optical energy gap (Eg) was calculated, found that the film have direct ener
... Show MoreSolid dispersion (SD) is one of the most widely used methods to resolve issues accompanied by poorly soluble drugs. The present study was carried out to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of Aceclofenac (ACE), a BCS class II drug with pH-dependent solubility, by the SD method. Effervescent assisted fusion technique (EFSD) using different hydrophilic carriers (mannitol, urea, Soluplus®, poloxamer 188, and poloxamer 407) in the presence of an effervescent base (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid) in different drug: carrier: effervescent base ratio and the conventional fusion technique (FSD) were used to prepare ACE SD. Solubility, dissolution rate, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), PowderX-ray diffraction
... Show MoreCoffee is the most essential drink today, aside from water, the high consumption of coffee and the byproducts of its soluble industries such as spent coffee grounds can have a negative effect on the environment as a source of toxic organic compounds. Therefore, caffeine removal from the spent coffee ground can be applied as a method to limit the effect of its production on the environment. The aim of this study is to determine the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters and develop models for both processes based on the process parameters by using traditional solid-liquid extraction and Ultrasound-assisted extraction methods. The processes were performed at a temperature range of 25 to 55 °C for traditional and ultrasound baths, and
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