Background: Lamotrigine is a second generation Anti-epileptic drug; it is widely used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Sufficient data is not available concerning its teratogenicity. Aim of the study: The study has been carried out to evaluate the effect of lamotrigine on Rat kidney development. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 10 pregnant Albino Rats (Rattus rattus) divided equally into two groups, control and experiment groups. Experiment group received lamotrigne 10mg/kg/day orally using naso-gastric tube from the first day of gestation until the first week after birth, while the control group received distilled water. Newborn kidneys were collected at day 7 postnatal and fixated in bouin’s solution, then embedded in the paraffin wax and left to become hard block. Strip of 5µm thickness was made using rotary microtome and blot on clean slides. The slides pass through staining technique using haematoxyllin-eosin and periodic acid Schiff stains. The slides examined under microscope and the kidneys were examined used scanning electron microscope. Results: Normal and well differentiated glomeruli and renal tubules were seen in the kidneys of the control group while a wide range of defect in the renal cortex and medulla elements were seen in the kidneys of treated group represented by enlargement, shrinkage, atrophy and fusion of glomeruli, damaging of the outer layer of bowman capsule with losing of nuclei, atubular glomeruli, extensive adhesion of glomerular tufts to bowman capsule. Expansion, disappearance and irregular capsular (bowman’s) space, cell death, detachment of cell from the basement membrane, dilatation of renal tubules, tubular atrophy, swelling of tubular cells, damaging of epithelium lining of renal tubules with nuclei losses and hemorrhage. Statistically significant differences have been shown in the diameter of renal corpuscle, glomerular tuft, proximal and distal convoluted tubules (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the average diameter of Bowman’s space and podocyte between the control and experiment groups. Conclusion and Recommendation: The present study concludes that lamotrigine has teratogenic effects on the development of the rat’s kidney. Further research must be carried out to corroborate these findings and establish their applicability to humans
This study intends to examine the content of photo coverage related to the Gulf Cup (Gulf 25) as presented by Iraqi photojournalists on Instagram between 02/01/2023 and 27/01/2023. Utilizing content analysis, the two researchers employed the survey method to evaluate 674 digital photos posted by seven photojournalists specializing in this sporting event, which concluded with the Iraqi team's victory in the city of Basra.
Key findings from the study include:
1. The Category "Photos from the Gulf Cup matches" predominated, accounting for 291 instances or 42.794% of the total.
2. Photojournalists exhibited a keen interest in capturing images of attending fans and documenting celebrations surrounding th
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... Show MoreThe nanoparticles biosynthesis is disclosing a new route of exploration concerned with nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are integrated in familiar techniques via chemical routs, for having utterly toxic natures. Syzygium aromaticum is an aromatic plant which belongs to the genus Eugenia. Three species of the genus Streptococcus were tested using LB for their ability to produce AgNPs and all of them had a brown appearance that confirmed their involvement in AgNPs production. AgNPs were estimated by utilizing a spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial enterprise (AgNPs) of the three species was tested against several types of dangerous bacteria. To determine the MIC, three separate concentrations (v/v)
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Silver nanoparticles synthesized by different species
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Huge efforts are being made to control the spread and impacts of the coronavirus pandemic using vaccines. However, willingness to be vaccinated depends on factors beyond the availability of vaccines. The aim of this study was three-folded: to assess children’s rates of COVID-19 Vaccination as reported by parents, to explore parents’ attitudes towards children’s COVID-19 vaccination, and to examine the factors associated with parents’ hesitancy towards children’s vaccination in several countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).
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Thiamethoxam is a synthetic organic insecticide belong to The most significant new class of pesticides created in the last thirty years is neonicotinoids. This study's objective was to determine the effect of thiamethoxam, lambda cyhalothrin and their combination on biochemical parameters, the levels of free radicals and enzymes activities liver of male.Forty Rats ( 150-170 g ) were used. animals Were separated into four groups, each with ten rats.The Gp1 was used as control, the Gp2 was used to study the effect of thiamethoxam for 3weeks, the Gp3 was employed to examine the impact of lambda cyhalothrin for 3 weeks and the Gp4 was used to research the impact of thiamethoxam and lambda cyhalothrin for 3 weeks. thiamethoxam and/or lambda cyha
... Show MoreThe corrosion behavior of carbon steel at different temperatures 100,120,140 and 160 Cͦ under different pressures 7,10 and 13 bar in pure distilled water and after adding three types of oxygen scavengers Hydroquinone, Ascorbic acid and Monoethanolamine in different concentrations 40,60 and 80 ppm has been investigated using weight loss method. The carbon steel specimens were immersed in water containing 8.2 ppm dissolved oxygen (DO) by using autoclave. It was found that corrosion behavior of carbon steel was greatly influenced by temperature with high pressure. The corrosion rate decreases, when adding any one of oxygen scavengers. The best results were obtained at a concentration of 80 ppm of each scavenger. It was observed that
... Show MorePsychosocial Alienation is a modern concept that arises from the capitalist and materialistic conceptions of individuals. The evergrowing competitive nature of domestic societies crystallised the concept in its modern form. The intensity of the rapid changes in the urbanised societies prevents the individuals from exploring their inner selves. Thus, a new generation is created with an alienation crisis which is reflected inward towards the self and outwards toward society. Alan Ayckbourn (1939), A British playwright, presents Alienated characters inspired by his life on and off stage. He explores their Alienation and their path toward recovery and self-realization. A Brief History of Women (2017) Ayckbourn explores the depth of the individu
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