Given the paucity and toxicity of available drugs for leishmaniasis, coupled with the advent of drug resistance, the discovery of new therapies for this neglected tropical disease is recognised as being of the utmost urgency. As such antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as promising compounds against the causative Leishmania species, insect vector-borne protozoan parasites. Here the AMP temporins A, B and 1Sa have been synthesised and screened for activity against Leishmania mexicana insect stage promastigotes and mammalian stage amastigotes, a significant cause of human cutaneous disease. In contrast to previous studies with other species the activity of these AMPs against L. mexicana amastigotes was low. This suggests that amastigotes from different Leishmania species display varying susceptibility to peptides from the temporin family, perhaps indicating differences in their surface structure, the proposed target of these AMPs. In contrast, insect stage L. mexicana promastigotes were sensitive to two of the screened temporins which clearly demonstrates the importance of screening AMPs against both forms of the parasite. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy crisis and the requirements of health and feel good, all this renewed attention to the importance of natural lighting in all kinds of factories.
Research problem was how to achieve the plant's own natural outlets visual comfort and satisfaction of workers in Companies, the industries of cotton and general al-fedaa.
The research compuns address the impact of daylight to provide visual comfort in the factory. Indeed, the light must be treated very carefully, and natural lighting should be thinking from the perspective of the occupants of the plant and not wishing to view from the outsid
... Show MoreThe tongue is one of the important organs of vertebrates, as it plays an important role in the process of food intake, absorption and swallowing, It varies the morphological according to the organism, the habitat, and the nature of the food for it. The aim of the study is to reveal the histologist structure of the tongue of the guinea pig(Cavia porcellus), where we took three samples of adult males, and crosses the tongue similar to rodents, except for some differences in terms of the epithelial layers, mucosa, the muscular layer, the number of tongue layers and the spread of papillae on the tongue, which is, differences due to adaptation to the habitat and their diet.
Singled current study on the subject of shorthand in structure designs logos (Iraqi sports clubs model), as the current study Tdmt four chapters, was in the first chapter defines the research problem and its significance, as well as the aim of the research in the know shorthand formal in structure designs logos (Iraqi sports clubs model ), and identifies Find time limits: - slogans Iraqi sports clubs for the years (1956 - 1970), because it represented the years to include designs slogans official Iraqi sports clubs that have been elected in this period for the purpose of examining the reality of the design in the current search. And it represented the spatial limits: - the Republic of Iraq - Iraqi slogans designs sports
... Show MorePreserving the independence and sovereignty of the countries of the South Caucasus region, establishing political and economic stability in the region, and supporting regional cooperation are the main elements of Turkish foreign policy towards the region. The South Caucasus region, which has historical and cultural ties between it and Turkey, is a bridge that links Turkey to Central Asia.
Turkey later developed advanced relations with Azerbaijan and Georgia. However, the same momentum was not achieved in terms of relations with Armenia because of the conflict over Nagorny Karabakh
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Perhaps the methods of mask that Arab poets resorted to in our time are due to the conditions of oppression and political and social repression that the Arab poet suffered from; So he strived to circumvent it, and it became a justification for hiding behind it. The research is available on a number of topics that lead to the definition of the mask technique and the beginning of its prevalence in Arabic literature after the Second World War, especially in recent decades by benefiting from historical stories, fairy tales and legends of all kinds. As well as defining the mask idiomatically and linguistically, and the beginning of its use in ancient religious rituals, and the special place it had in Greek plays. Poets
... Show MoreCost estimation is considered one of the important tasks in the construction projects management. The precise estimation of the construction cost affect on the success and quality of a construction project. Elemental estimation is considered a very important stage to the project team because it represents one of the key project elements. It helps in formulating the basis to strategies and execution plans for construction and engineering. Elemental estimation, which in the early stage, estimates the construction costs depending on . minimum details of the project so that it gives an indication for the initial design stage of a project. This paper studies the factors that affect the elemental cost estimation as well as the rela
... Show MoreThe experiment was conducted at the faculty of agriculture University of Ain Shams-Egypt, from January to March 2008, to study the effect of different levels of chromium yeast (cr-yeast) on broiler chickens on some physiological traits. A total of 450, one-day old unsexed chickens (Cobb) strain were used. The birds were randomly allocated to five treatments with 3 replicates each. The treatments were control (T1), without supplementation, T2, T3, T4 and T5 which were supplemented with 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg cr-yeast/kg diet respectively. Chromium yeast supplementation treatments caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plasma glucose levels, while supplemented Cr-yeast at levels of 1 (T3), 1.5 (T4), 2 (T5) mg/kg diet resulted in a signific
... Show MoreBackground: Dental caries is one of the most significant problems in world health care. Restoring carious primary teeth is one of the major treatment goals for Children, and the light activated resin restoration materials like composite, resin-modified glass ionomer and polyacid-modified which was introduced in dentistry in 1970, widely used in clinical dentistry but its application increased dramatically in recent years because of its biocompatibility, color matching, good adhesive properties of its resemblance in physical and mechanical aspects to tooth. The aim of this study: To evaluate the microleakage of Polyacid-Modified Composite resin Compared to Flowable Hybrid Composite and Resin-Modified Glass ionomer cement. Materials and me
... Show MoreBackground: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the vertical marginal fit of crowns fabricated with ZrO2 CAD/CAM, before and after porcelain firing cycles and after glaze cycles. Materials and Methods: An acrylic resin model of a left maxillary first molar was prepared and duplicated to have Nickel-Chromium master die. Ten die stone dies were sent to the CAD/CAM (Amann Girrbach) for crowns fabrication. Marginal gaps along vertical planes were measured at four indentations at the (mid mesial, mid distal, mid buccal, mid palatal) before (Time 0) and after porcelain firing cycles (Time 1) and after glaze cycles (Time 2) using a light microscope at a magnification of ×100. One way ANOVA LSD tests were performed to determine wh
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