The main function of a power system is to supply the customer load demands as economically as possible. Risk criterion is the probability of not meeting the load. This paper presents a methodology to assess probabilistic risk criteria of Al-Qudus plant before and after expansion; as this plant consists of ten generating units presently and the Ministry Of Electricity (MOE) is intending to compact four units to it in order to improve the performance of Iraqi power system especially at Baghdad region. The assessment is calculated by a program using Matlab programming language; version 7.6. Results show that the planned risk is (0.003095) that is (35 times) less than that in the present plant risk; (0.1091); which represents respectable imp

Nowadays, energy demand continuously rises while energy stocks are dwindling. Using current resources more effectively is crucial for the world. A wide method to effectively utilize energy is to generate electricity using thermal gas turbines (GT). One of the most important problems that gas turbines suffer from is high ambient air temperature especially in summer. The current paper details the effects of ambient conditions on the performance of a gas turbine through energy audits taking into account the influence of ambient conditions on the specific heat capacity ( , isentropic exponent ( ) as well as the gas constant of air . A computer program was developed to examine the operation of a power plant at various ambient temperature

    The experiment was conducted in twodifferentsplaces, one of this experiment in the field was not under salt stress  and the other experiment field was under salt stress.Those experiments were conducted in college of AgricultureDiyalaUniversity  atautmyseason  (2015  - 2016)to study  the salt stress by usingseeds soaking with Hydrogen Peroxide and foliar application in different concentrations ofAbscisic acid.The experiment  statistical design as RCBD was with three replicates.Soaking the seeds withHydrogen  Peroxidetreatments  0 , 10 , 15 ,  20  mmol.L-1.  Three Abscisic acid levels0 , 15 , 30 mg.L1.α -Tocopherol, Catalase Enzyme, Membrane Stability Index,prolin

The experiment was carried out in College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during November 1, 2019 to June 1, 2020. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design. Each block contained 18 experimental units that included the three study factors. The first factor interaction between two inoculum densities and application methods, three levels control, treatment of seeds inoculation with 5g plant and treatment of seedlings inoculation whith 30g plant . The second factor was three -1 -1concentrations of spraying of kinetin 0, 75 and 150 mg L , and third factor include two levels of organic manure) and addition of fertilizer 2% of -1 the weight of the soil (O2). The results showed a signif

 A study was conductedto determine thethe effects of two insect pathogenic fungiMetarhizium anisopliae and Beauvaria bassiana In biological control and comparing, insecticide, Icon, on larva , pupa and adults stage of house fly  was tested. The results  revealed non-significantly superiority differences in the percentages of cumulative death between the recommended concentration of Icon and the M.anisopliae(2 × 1011), but the results showed, significant difference in accumulation death between M. anisoplia ( 2 × 1011 ) and  B. bassiana were found at the same concentration, the accumulation death of  M.anisoplia reached to 100, 80, 95% for larval, pupa and stage after 96  hours respectively,  com

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv glycines (Xag) is a pathogen that causes pustule disease in soybeans. Many
techniques for controlling this disease have been widely developed, one of which is the use of biological agents.
Bacillus sp. from the soybean phyllosphere is a biological agent that has the potential to suppress the
development of pustule disease. One of the biological control mechanisms is through biochemical induction
of plant resistance which includes the accumulation of phenols, salicylic acid compounds, and peroxidase
enzymes. Bacillus subtilis JB12 and Bacillus velezensis ST32 are two bacteria isolated from the soybean
phyllosphere which have previously been known to suppress Xag through an anti

   Alphatocopherol is a vitamin and antioxidant compound that plays a crucial role in amelioration of biotic and abiotic stresses and protects plants from stress – induced cellular  oxidation .The experiment was carried out in a green garden of the Department of  Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn-AL-Haitham ,University of Baghdad during 2018 – 2019 to evaluate the potential effects of foliar application with (0 ,50 ,100 ,150 ,200 mg.L^-1) alphatocopherol on growth, yield components and the activity of antioxidant system of wheat plant under sodium chloride stress(0 ,75 , 150 ,225mM.L^-1) .Results indicated that sodium chloride caused reduction in shoot dry weight and