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Extracellular Enzyme of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ziziphus spina Leaves as Medicinal Plant
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Endophytic fungi live inside plants or any part of them without creating any visible pathogenic signs. Endophytic fungi are found within medicinal plants and have shown strong biologic activity, such as anticancer and antioxidant activities, as well as producing extracellular enzymes. In this study, different fungal strains were isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant Ziziphus spina, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Rhizopus sp., and Mucor sp. Extracellular enzymes have been quantified using agar plate-based methods in which fungi were grown in specified growth media to detect the enzymes produced. The results showed that A. niger has the highest ability to produce amylase, Cladosporium sp. has the highest ability to produce protease and pectinase, Rhizopus and Mucor sp. have the highest ability to produce cellulase, and A. niger and Cladosporium sp. have the same ability to produce lipase and laccase. The ability of medicinal plant endophytic fungi to produce extracellular enzymes has great therapeutic potential in clinical microbiology. Some of the isolates showed great activity in secreting particular enzymes, indicating that the enzymes of these fungi could be used in a variety of applications.

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 03 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Diabetes In Developing Countries
The efficacy of once-daily liraglutide as an add-on to oral antidiabetic agents on weight reduction and glycemic control in obese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a retrospective analysis in relation to liraglutide dose escalation within a 7-month treatment period
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Background This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of once-daily liraglutide as an add-on to oral antidiabetics (OADs) on glycemic control and body weight in obese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods A total of 27 obese T2D patients who received 7 months (0.6 mg/day for the first month, 1.2 mg/day for 3 months, and 1.8 mg/day for 3 months) of liraglutide treatment as an add-on to OADs were included. Data on body weight (kg), fasting plasma glucose (FPG, mg/dL), postprandial glucose (PPG, mg/dL), and HbA1c (%), were recorded. Results Liraglutide doses of 1.2 mg/day and 1.8 mg/day were associated with significant decreases in body weight (by 8.0% and 11.9%, respectively, p < 0.01 for each) and HbA1c (by 20.0

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Faithful representation of accounting information according requirements width financial statements depending on international standard (IFRS-15) revenue from contracts with customers: Applied research in a sample of the joint stock companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange
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This study seeks to identify the possibility of achieving the property of faithful representation of accounting information and measure it by using the standard approach based on mathematical and statistical equations by comparing two financial periods before and after the application of (IFRS-15) Revenue from contracts with customers, during the period. (2014-2018), for the financial statements of the mixed joint stock companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, which is one of the main pillars of the economic structure of the country, as a joint investment between the state and the private sector, and has importance in many aspects, including support for projects of public companies, S Absorption and employment of labor, as well as ra

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Linguistic and extralinguistic problems of the translation of polysemic terms in the legal language from Spanish to Arabic: Problemas lingüísticos y extralingüísticos de la traducción de los términos polisémicos en el lenguaje jurídico del español al árabe
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       Legislative language is characterized by its complexity, specifically in the process of translating statutory terms from two quite different languages, and from totally two different legal systems as from Spanish into Arabic. The present study stresses the process of translating legislative terms used in Spanish wills into Arabic through high lightening the polysemy of such mentioned terms and explaining their use in other legislative grounds.  Additionally, the present study elucidates, analyzes, underlines the difficulty and looks for the most appropriate procedures and techniques of translating some of the prominent inheritance expressions taking in account the legislative dif

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 25 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Synthesis, Structural Study, and Biological Activity Evaluation of VO(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) Complexes with New Schiff Base Ligand Derived from Pyrazine
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New Schiff base [3-(3-acetylthioureido)pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid][L] has been prepared through 2 stages, the chloro acetyl chloride has been reacting with the ammonium thiocyanate in the initial phase for producing precursor [A], after that [A] has been reacting with the 3-amino pyrazine-2-carboxilic acid to provide a novel bidentate ligand [L], such ligand [L] has been reacting with certain metal ions in the Mn(II), VO(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), and Cd(II) for providing series of new metal complexes regarding general molecular formula [M(L)2XY], in which; VO(II); X=SO4,Y=0, Co(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II); Y=Cl, X=Cl. Also, all the compounds were characterized through spectroscopic techniques [

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 02 2020
Journal Name
Indonesian Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Efficacies from Some New Dinuclear Metal Complexes for Base 3-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methylperoxy-benzylidene)-amino]-2-methyl Propionic Acid
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The reaction of methyldopa with o-vanillin in refluxing ethanol afforded Schiff base and characterized through physical analysis with a number of spectra also the study of biological activity. The geometry of the Schiff base was identified through using (C.H.N) analysis, Mass, 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy. Metal complexes of Cr3+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ with Schiff base have been prepared in the molar ratio 2:1 (Metal:L), (L = Schiff base ligand) except Hg2+ at molar ratio 1:1 (Hg:L). The prepared complexes were characterized by using Mass, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectral studies, on other than magnetic properties and flame atomic absorption, conductivity measurements. According to the results a dinuclear octahedral geo

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2011
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
CAVE DWELLING ANIMALS IN IRAQ PART 2: SYSTEMATIC NOTES ON THE NUTHATCH OF THE FAMILY SITTIDAE (AVESPASSERIFORMES) IN IRAQ WITH ADDING SOME IMPORTANT KNOWLEDGE TO THE NEST BUILDING OF SITTATEPHRONOTA SHARPE, FROM BESAN VALE HAWRAMAN SLOPE, IRAQI KURDISTAN
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This paper is a review of the genus Sitta in Iraq, Five species of this genus are recognized
Sitta kurdistanica, S. neumayr, S. europaea, S.dresseri and S. tephronota. Geographical
distribution and systematic nots were given for separation and identification, also some notes
on nest building and nest sites of S. tephronota supporting by figures are presented.

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 26 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
ADDRESSING THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE ARAB PRESS:: (An analytical study in the newspapers (Al-Sabah Iraqi newspaper, Algerian ech-chaab Newspaper, and UAE Al-Ittihad Newspaper) (A Research Drawn from Master Thesis)
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The problem of this research is:

What are the sustainable development goals that received the priority in the press addressing of the newspapers under study?

What are the journalistic arts adopted by these newspapers in addressing the sustainable development goals?

What are the journalistic sources that Arab newspapers depended on when addressing the sustainable development goals?

What are the geographic range the Arab newspapers adopted in addressing the sustainable development goals? The research is categorized into descriptive research, adopting the survey method, and using the content analysis method.

The sample of research was determined by the preparation of the Arabic newspapers (Al-

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 25 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
War Reporters In Iraqi Satellite Channels And Its Role In Increasing Understanding Of The Audience Of The News .: Field Study For The Reporters And The Audiences In Baghdad For The Period From 1/07/2014 Till – 1/11/2014
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The importance of media coverage in the war remains dependent on many indicators for its success, the most important is to have qualified reporters who carry the war news professionally. The idea of this research is to determine the role played by war correspondents working on Iraqi satellite channels during the war against ISIS.
The researcher has chosen ( 40 ) reporters those who was able to contact them and prepared a questionnaire for them to study their situations. Also, he chose an intentional sample from Baghdad audience on condition they should be informed by the performance of the reporters in the satellite channels applying the hypotheses of the theory of depending upon media.
The most important results reached by the re

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
An Analytical Study of Viewpoint in Parsi Pour's and Ar-Rikabi's Novels: The Dog and the Long Night and Alibaba's Sad Night as Examples: بررسی تحليلی زاویه¬ی دید در رمان¬های پارسی پور و الرکابی باتكيه بر رمان "سگ و زمستان بلند" و "ليل علی بابا الحزین"
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It is noted in the title that the paper studies the viewpoint in the novel The Dog and the Long Night by the Iranian novelist Shahranoush Parsi Pour and in the novel Alibaba's Sad Night by the Iraqi novelist Abdulkhaliq Ar-Rikabi. Both are well known novelists, and about whose stories and novels many critical books, MA theses, and Ph.D. dissertations have been written. Also, some of their literary works have won prizes. Here, the researcher shed light on the concept of viewpoint, its types, and its importance in novels in general. This was done along with tackling the two viewpoints in both novels, where similarities and differences were identified. For this end, the researcher has adopted the analytic-descriptive appro

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
LOCAL NEWS SOURCES IN THE IRAQI NEWSPAPERS: Local news sources in the Iraqi newspapers (An analytical study of local news sources In the newspaper Al-Zaman for the period from 1/6/2006 to 06/30/2006)
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Local news is an important topic of the press because of its importance to readers. It touches their daily life in one way or another, which makes them interested in and followers of them. Hence the importance of local news, as it interests a wide segment of readers.
There are many sources of newspapers for obtaining local news, as these sources are distributed to the newspaper's own sources and external sources.

Self-sources are the newspaper's own sources, through which it is possible to obtain this news, such as the representatives of the newspaper and its correspondents and the journalists working in it. This is the example in this way.
The external sources are distributed to local and international news agencies and sa

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