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Efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria in brief
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he development of multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is a major problem faced antimicrobial therapy and management of infectious diseases. Too many resistance mechanisms were developed since the antimicrobial agents were produced and actually used. The mechanisms involved in antimicrobial agents' resistance are, modifying enzymes, alteration of the target site of antimicrobials and prevention of antimicrobials accumulation inside the bacterial cells. The latest is accomplished by two mechanisms: alteration of outer membrane permeability and efflux pumps. Efflux pumps are either chromosomal or plasmid-encoded although chromosomal encoded efflux pumps are common in Gram-negative bacteria. Resistance nodulation division (RND) efflux pump superfamily are predominant in Gram-negative and involved in pathogenesis, virulence and stress response of bacteria as well as the well …

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 02 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Aquatic, Alcoholic and Oily Extracts of Cocos nucifera L.on the Growth of Certain Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Wounds and Burns Infections
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Three types of extracts ( aquatic, alcoholic, and oily ) were prepared from the fruits of coconuts, and a series of chemical tests were conducted in addition to the use of the FTIR equipment to determine the active locations in the prepared extracts. The results indicated the presence of active compounds (tannins, saponins, flavonoids, turbines and steroids) in the extracts prepared from the fruits of coconuts, also the antimicrobial capability of these extracts were tested on pathogenic bacteria isolated from wounds and burns infections cases. The results proved that the concentration 80 mg/ml of the aquatic extract is the minimum inhibitory concentration for the microbes: Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas fluorescence, while the

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Aquatic, Alcoholic and Oily Extracts of Cocos nucifera L.on the Growth of Certain Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Wounds and Burns Infections
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The phenomenon of negative behavior has studied as a social and psychological phenomenon that effect on the performance and life of workers inside and outside the organization. The adoption of this phenomenon is studied in terms of the role of the interna
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The phenomenon of negative behavior has studied as a social and psychological phenomenon that effect on the performance and life of workers inside and outside the organization. The adoption of this phenomenon is studied in terms of the role of the internal environment of the organization in addressing this behavior, being the variables belong to the field of organizational behavior to see the results of those variables on the Iraqi organizations, since the specificities of it differ from the rest of the Arab and foreign environments. Therefore, this study focused on testing the relationship of the internal environment of the organization and its role in addressing the negative behavior of the workers.

thi

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum fungicidal concentration(MFC) of extracted oil of lemon grass and thyme against Candida spp. and Bacteria Spp. Isolated from children with oral thrush
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120 samples were collected from children (ages between new born and 10 years) who infected with oral thrush. The results revealed that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of extracted oil of lemon grass against C.albicans, C.tropicalis, C.keyfr, C.glabrata and C.guilliermondii were 1.25,1.25,1.25,2.5 and 2.5µl/ml and 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 5 and 5 µl /ml respectively. while the (MIC) and (MFC) for the extraction oil of thyme against C.albicans, C.tropicalis, C.keyfr, C.glabrata and C.guilliermondii were 0.6, 0.6, 1.25, 1.25, and 1.25µl/ml and 1.25, 1.25, 2.5, 2.5, and 2.5µl/ml respectively . While the value of (MIC) and (MFC) for Nystatin against Candida species were 32 and 64 µg

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Heliyon
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metal Ions Complexes with Mixed Ligand of Azo Dye and Metformin and Evaluation of its Effectiveness on the Growth of Some Pathogenic Bacteria Clinically Isolated and Study of its Toxicity on Normal and Cancerous Hepatocytes
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2024
Journal Name
Heliyon
Synthesis and characterization of some Metal ions complexes with mixed ligand of azo dye and Metformin and evaluation of its effectiveness on the growth of some pathogenic bacteria clinically isolated and study of its Toxicity on normal and cancerous Hepatocytes
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN FARM ANIMALS IN IRAQ: CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN FARM ANIMALS IN IRAQ
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ABSTRACT

              Agricultural production, food security and safety, public health animal welfare, access to markets and alleviation of rural poverty have been achieved by controlling on veterinary services to prevent animal disease. World organization for animal health guidelines focus on controlling of animal disease which depends on good governance and veterinary services quality. The aim of veterinary services is controlling and preventing animal disease some of other aspects; it's responsibility of early detection, rapid response to outbreaks of emerging or re-emerging animal disease, optimizing quality and effectiveness of disease

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
ESTIMATION OF LEAD ELEMENT IN THE BLOOD OF TRAFFIC POLICE IN THE CITY OF BAGHDAD.: ESTIMATION OF LEAD ELEMENT IN THE BLOOD OF TRAFFIC POLICE IN THE CITY OF BAGHDAD.
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The current study aimed to determine the relation between the lead levels in the blood traffic men and the nature of their traffic work in Baghdad governorate. Blood samples were collected from 10 traffic men and the age about from 20-39 year from Directorate of Traffic Al Rusafa/ Baghdad and 10 samples another control from traffic men too with age 30-49 year and they livedrelatively in the clear cities or contained of Very few traffic areas. The levels of lead in blood estimated by used Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
The result stated that there is no rising of the levels of lead in blood of traffic men Lead concentration was with more a range from 14 ppm in Traffic police are not healthy They are within the permissible limits, Ap

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
BUMPINESS IN THE ATMOSPHERE IN IRAQ STUDY IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF CLIMATE
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Bumpiness in the atmosphere is the vertical movement of air, whether
upward or downward movement and the bumpiness is accompanied by areas
of unrest in the air and wind. And contribute to each of the coups thermal
fronts, wind, wind and thunderstorms. Moreover, bumpiness is net of the
reasons that lead to circumstances is appropriate to cut the wind, and this
contributes to the formation of bumpiness in the atmosphere. The study found
that the noon of the times, which is expected to occur where clear-air
bumpiness during flights because of the warmth of the earth's surface. The
study found increased incidence of air hole during the summer, especially
July, due to increased incidence of coup surface, while the s

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Contradictions in experience of Criticism in Andalus Poetry
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Metaphor has been occupied first place among eloquent methods to build metaphors;
poetry with the latter becomes senseless thing. Metaphor is necessary part of energy that
sustains the poetry. Sentence of metaphor regarded more eloquent than the reality since it
does not conduct directly to the meaning , but rather get to it indirectly. Metaphor is
considered one of the most tools for the poet since it is a means of expression about his
sensation and feelings . Andalus paid concerns over metaphors as that being incited by their
country beauty and nature. The poet might resort to contradiction as to picture contraries
within himself.
Through pictures of contradictions depicted by the poets , it has explained that t

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