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Assessment of microbial contamination levels of water in hemodialysis centers in Baghdad, Iraq
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Abstract<sec><label></label><p>Monitoring water quality in hemodialysis systems is extremely important to maintain adequate quality services for patients suffering from kidney failure. This work aims to examine and evaluate bacteriological characteristics and endotoxin contamination levels in hemodialysis water produced in dialysis centers. Forty‐eight water samples were collected and analyzed from four major hospitals in Baghdad for one year to evaluate seasonal effects. The analysis included the determination of total heterotrophic bacteria using the pour plate method, identification of bacterial isolate using the Vitek2 compact instrument, and the determination of endotoxins levels using Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) method. In addition, tap water samples (a source for the hemodialysis water) were also examined bacteriologically. Results showed that 44% of the tested samples for bacterial levels are higher than the maximum value of (100 CFU/ml) set out by the international standards. Endotoxin values for these centers fluctuated during the study period, and 44% of them exceeded the international standards (>0.25 EU/ml). These results call for applying improved technology to modify the existing water treatment units for better control and for national standardization of the microbiological quality of hemodialysis water.</p></sec><sec><title>Practitioner points

Four hemodialysis centers were assessed by measuring the bacteriological and endotoxins levels of their feed and product water.

Product water showed elevated levels of bacteria that exceeded the international guideline value of 100 CFU/ml.

Most of the identified bacterial species were Gram‐negative that arise the possibility of contributing to endotoxin generation.

Product water showed fluctuated values of endotoxins. About 44% of the measured samples were higher than the international guideline values of 0.25 EU/ml.

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of the Organizational Service Orientation practices and its Impact in inhancing the employees performance (A Fiald Research in Baghdad Municipality)
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Abstract:

Recently, there is a widespread attention about the service at the level of each of the research and academic studies, and at the organizational level as well. The subject of orientation towards the service aspect is starting to be of this attention being of the modern subjects, relatively, which appeared at the end of the last century, as well as the link of this subject with the relationship between the organization and its customers, and how to provide high quality services to get their satisfaction. Thus, the specialists from researchers were interested in this field to develop an appropriate scale to measure the organizational orientation toward service, and it was the most prominen

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Publication Date
Fri May 05 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Professional Business Review
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Manager Performance: a Field Study in the General Authority for Irrigation and Reclamation Projects in Baghdad
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Purpose: the purpose of this study is to investigate how managers working for the General Authority for Irrigation and Reclamation Projects react to the impact of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on their performance.   Theoretical framework: The current study includes an intellectual framework on two variables, namely EI and Manager Performance (MP), because it is essential to investigate the relationship between these two variables and the impact of EI on MP.   Design/methodology/approach: The research problem is that a manager's capacity to make wise decisions about their work or interactions with subordinates is diminished when they have inadequate EI. The questionnaire is used as a tool for gathering data for the study, and the st

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Personality Types in Relation to the Periodontal Health Status and Salivary Dehydroepiandrosterone among Teachers in Baghdad City
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Background: The individual differences in emotional and behavioral style can be examined through personality instruments. These differences may explain the health status of the individuals. The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of Personality Types on gingival and periodontal health status among teachers in Baghdad city in relation to selected salivary hormone (Dehydroepiandrosterone). Materials and methods: Females teachers 534 of randomly selected schools were subjected to personality questionnaire using The Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator. Teachers were examined to estimate the periodontal status according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). A group of teachers were selected for salivary analysis of Dehy

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 15 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Oral health status in relation to nutritional status among institutionalized and non-institutionalized orphans in Baghdad city
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Background: Nutritional condition was reported as one of the factors affecting the oral health status, particularly among underprivileged groups. Orphans are one of the known high-risk groups. The aims of this study were to assess the nutritional status of orphans, and its impact on the oral health status. Materials and Methods: Five-hundred children aged 6-12 years old, 254 males and 246 females: institutionalized, non-institutionalized orphans and controls were participated in this study. Nutritional status assessed according to body mass index (BMI). Ramfjord index teeth were examined to assess oral cleanliness and gingival condition. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results this study revealed the institutionalized orphans

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 09 2023
Journal Name
Bmj
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake And Its’ Associated Factors among general population In Basmaia City in Baghdad 2022
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Abstract<sec><title>Objective

Vaccination is a vital cornerstone of public health, which has saved countless lives throughout history. Therefore, achieving high vaccination uptake rates is essential for successful vaccination programs. Unfortunately, vaccine uptake has been hindered by deferent factors and challenges. The objective of this study is to assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among the general population.

Methods

This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Basmaia city, Baghdad from June to October 2022. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire using multi-stag

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 28 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Correlation Between Hyperglycemia and Rheumatoid Factor in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Al- Risafa Area, Baghdad
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Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) formerly called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes is a common disease. Rheumatoid factor is a well-established test used in the diagnosis and follows the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid factor is sometimes found in serum of patients with other diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM), due to the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- α which play an important role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the study is to investigate the associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in scope of rheumatoid factor (RF), hyperglycemia a

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Sustainable leadership and its impact on organizational happiness Analytical research in the General Tourism Authority in Baghdad
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      The current research aims to test the relationship of the impact of sustainable leadership as an independent variable in organizational happiness as a dependent variable, in the departments and divisions of the Tourism Authority, to come up with a set of recommendations that contribute to raising the level of organizational happiness in the authority. And based on the importance of the research topic in the General Authority, and the prominent role that this body plays in society, the researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach in carrying out this research, by collecting data from the departments and divisions staff of (160) respondents in an exclusively comprehensive

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 12 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A Salivary α-Amylase Level in Relation to the Oral Health Parameters among Children in Baghdad City
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Background: Saliva is a specific bio-fluid with important biomarkers. Analyzing any alternation in these markers could give valuable information, in relation to oral health status parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of α -amylase in unstimulated whole saliva of healthy, primary school children in relation to some oral health parameters. Materials and Methods: A questionnaires consisted of demography and medical histories of participants were filled by children families. Saliva samples were collected for 5- minutes between 9:00 -11:00 AM from 114 healthy students aged 6-13 years, divided into four age groups. Flow- rate, Plaque and Gingival Index were assessed and dentition status was investigated by DMFT/dmft

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Internal Contrl in Electronic Accounting Information System: Applied Study in Spacimen from Kurdistan Regin Iraq
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Internal control is system,defined and implemented under its responsibility , which aims to ensure that; laws and regulations are complied with; the instructions and directional guidelines fixed by Executive Management or the Management Borad are applied; the company internal processes are functioning correctlly , particularly those implicating the security of its assets; Financial Information is reliable; and generally contributes to the control over its activities , to the efficiency of its operation and to the efficient utilisation of its Resources. By helping to anticipate and control the risks involved in not meeting the objectives the company has set for itself, the internal control system plays akey role in conducting & monito

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 21 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Evaluating the Potentials of Individual Lending Instructions (in Housing Fund Law) to Support Housing Finance Policies in Iraq.
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Iraqi economy has grown rapidly. Iraqi citizen, therefore, should be very much involved with the comprehensive development after his long patience. Such development should begin with him and his family to get the housing commodity, which is indeed not a cheap one.                                                          

  In this regard, the Iraqi legislator drew attention to the necessity of issuing housing finan

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