Genetic material is the most important component of cells because it contains the genetic information; hence any disruption to the structure chromosome of cells could lead to very bad results. Genotoxicity use to evaluate the safety of any chemical compounds on genetic materials. Artificial food flavoring additive are chemical substances to produce specific placebo effects added to foods but impart specific flavor to it.

The present study evaluates the genotoxic effect of artificial food flavoring additive on structure of chromosomes at three different concentrations (50%, 100%and 150%) on both bone marrow cells and spleen cells in mice for fourteen successive days. It was found that artificial food flavoring addit

Background: The roles of AI in the academic community continue to grow, especially in the enhancement of learning outcomes and the improvement of writing quality and efficiency. Objectives: To explore in depth the experience of senior pharmacy students in using artificial intelligence for academic purposes. Methods: This qualitative study included face-to-face individual interviews with senior pharmacy students from March to May 2023 using a pre-planned interview guide of open-ended questions. All interviews were audio-recorded. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The results were obtained from 15 in-depth face-to-face interviews with senior pharmacy students (5th and 4th years). Eight participants were male, an

Background: Colorectal cancer is a high risk disease with rapidly progression medical problems and high mortality rate. Tissue polypeptide specific antigen can be classified as biomarker candidates in colorectal cancer and other kinds of cancer. Vascular endothelial-derived growth factor has a curial role in the formation of new blood vessels. DNA methylation may decrease invasiveness of cancer.

Objectives: This study was designed to measure the potential role of some serological biomarkers in the progression of colorectal cancer as well as their relations to P53 expression, global 5-methylcytosine.

Patients and Methods: This study involved of 60 patients with colorectal ca

This paper presents the first data for bremsstrahlung buildup factor (BBUF) produced by the complete absorption of Y-91 beta particles in different materials via the Monte Carlo simulation method. The bremsstrahlung buildup factors were computed for different thicknesses of water, concrete, aluminum, tin and lead. A single relation between the bremsstrahlung buildup factor BBUF with both the atomic number Z and thickness X of the shielding material has been suggested.

It is very well known in the planning publications that when creating spacing development to a region or sub-region, it can be able to make more than an alternative consisting with the strategic directions overtaken from the actual development of region and the situational and developmental objectives needed. However, the difficulty facing the situational planning is in selecting one of these alternatives to be the best in order to make a balanced situational re-structure, and achieving the economic, social and civil objectives. The developmental situation elements in the regions and governorates, including (Karbala) impose themselves as situational power which implies the process of re-structural arrangement where the situational develo

Receipt date:3/13/2021 accepted date:5/26/2021 Publication date:12/31/2021

 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

energy is one of the strategic resources within international politics, and this is through the existing competition between the international powers on it, and the global powers have begun to rely on interest in new areas, such as import, depending on new projects an

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide and in Iraq. Proliferation rates of neoplastic process can be useful in predicting prognosis, aggressiveness of cancers and to guide treatment protocols in clinical practice.
Objectives: To evaluate the role of Ki67 as a proliferative marker through analysing the associations between Ki67 with the clinic-pathological parameters, hormone receptors and Her2/neu expression.
Patients and methods: Forty paraffin blocks belonging to patient with breast carcinoma and ten blocks with benign diseases were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study and used for the immunohistochemical assessment of hormone receptors, Her2/neu and Ki67.
Results: Mean age of

serum amylase occurs in cases of perforated peptic ulcer partly as a result of increase leakage of pancreatic enzymes rich fluid from the perforation site with subsequent absorption by peritoneal lymphatics & partly due to damage of pancreases by digestive enzymes that spilled through the perforation.
Objectives: To determine the significance of abnormally high level of serum amylase in patients undergone operation for PDU, to study the factors that tend to bring about elevated serum amylase level in these patients.
Patients and Methods: A prospective study of 250 patients with perforated duodenal ulcer (PDU) at al kindy teaching hospital, Baghdad, Iraq from June 2008- august 2010. patients were examined clinically and investig