Background: Antibiotics are medicines used to  treat bacterial infections, Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. The world urgently needs to change the way that it prescribes and uses antibiotics.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, behavior toward antibiotic among  non- medical students  in University of Fallujah.

Method: A cross sectional study was done during the period from January to March 2019.  Self-administered questionnaire was used that  comprised 25 questions divided into four parts. The first part including demographic questions. Second part designed to assess the knowledge of respondents

     In this paper, ZnO NPs were prepared using D.C high-voltage and high frequency with an output of 6 kHz at two different preparation times preparation (10,12) minutes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with (FE-SEM) was used to examine the homogenous, compact, and dense surface of the zinc oxide nanoparticles created with apparent grain size determined by (XRD), XRD results explain that the increase of the preparation time from 10 minutes to 12-minute caused an increase in crystallite size. In addition, FE-SEM showed that the increase in the ZnO NPs cluster distribution with particle size increases with increasing the preparation time. AFM was also utilized to determine the degree of cooperation between the surfaces of the z

Background: The present study was carried out to compare shear bond strength of sapphire bracket bonded to zirconium surface after using different methods of surface conditioning and assessment of the adhesive remnant index. Materials and methods: The sample composed of 40 zirconium specimens divided into four groups; the first group was the control, the second group was conditioned by sandblast with aluminum oxide particle 50 μm, the third and fourth group was treated by (Nd: YAG) laser (1064nm)(0.888 Watt for 5 seconds) for the 1st laser group and (0.444 Watt for 10 seconds) for the 2nd laser group. All samples were coated by z-prime plus primer. A central incisor sapphire bracket was bonded to all samples with light cure adhesive res

Background: Bacterial DNA released upon bacterial autolysis or killed by antibiotics, hence, many inflammatogenic reactions will be established leading to serious tissue damage. Aim: the present work aimed to elucidate the histopathological changes caused by prokaryotic (bacterial) DNA and eukaryotic (candidal) DNA. Materials and methods: twenty one Staphylococcus aureus and 36 Candida albicans isolates were isolated from UTI patients. Viable cells and DNA of the highest antibiotic sensitive isolates were injected, intraurethraly, in mice. Results were evaluated via histopathological examination. Results: Mildest reactions were obtained from mice challenged with viable C. albicans compared with those challenged with viable S. aureus. Dos

الوصف New complexes of Cu (ll), Ni (II)„Co (II), and Zn (ll) with 2-amino-5-p-Flouro Phenyl 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole have been synthesized. The products were isolated, studied and characterized by physical measurements, ie,(FT-IR)„UV-Vis and the melting points were determined. The new Schiff base (L) has been used to prepare some complexes. The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometry were suggested

A new ligand ( 4- methoxy benzoyl ) carbamothioyl ) Glycine (MCG) is synthesized by reaction of (4- methoxy benzoyl isothiocyanate) with Glycine(1:1). It is characterized by micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.S.), FT-IR, (UV-Vis) and 1H and 13CNMR spectra. Some metals ions complexes of this ligand were prepared and characterized byFT-IR,UV-Visible spectra, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. From results obtained, the following formula [M(MCG)2] where M2+ = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, , Cd and Hg, the proposed molecular structure for these complexes as tetrahedral geometry, except copper complex is has square planer geometry.

Sol-gel method was use to prepare Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles. Crystal structure of the nanocomposite was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction patterns while the color intensity was evaluated by spectrophotometry. The morphology analysis using atomic force microscopy showed that the average grain sizes were in range (68.96-75.81 nm) for all samples. The characterization of Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles were investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ag-SiO2 NPs are highly stable and have significant effect on both Gram positive and negative bacteria. Antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite were tested with the use of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The results have shown antibacteri

From 124 women in different stage of pregnancy ,there were 83 (67%) conceded
anemic and 41(33%) were non anemic ,there were 54(65%) suffering from iron
deficiency anemia. According to the form of anemia , 27 (32.5%) were suffering
from mild anemia, 41 (49.4%) moderately anemia while15 (18.1%) severe anemia
The number of anemic pregnant women from Baghdad was 39 (47%) and the
internally displaced anemic pregnant women 44 (53%). the anemic pregnant women
who were primigravida 36 (43.4%), while the pregnant women who were multipart
gravida 47 (56.6%) .The number of anemic pregnant women was 26(31.3%) for age
of 17-27y ,33(39.8%) for age of 28-37y and 24(28.9% )for age of 38-45y .while the
number of anemic pregnant