Viruses have not previously been reported to act as chemotactic/chemoattractive agents. Rather, viruses as extracellular entities are generally viewed as non-metabolically active spore-like agents that await further infection events upon collision with appropriate host cells. That a virus might actively contribute to its fate via chemotaxis and change the behavior of an organism independent of infection is unprecedented.

Lignin has emerged as a promising asphalt binder modifier due to its sustainable and renewable nature, with the potential to improve flexible pavement performance. This study investigates the use of Soda Lignin Powder (SLP), derived from Pinus wood sawdust via alkaline treatment, as an asphalt modifier to enhance mixture durability. SLP was characterized using Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM/EDX), revealing significant changes in its chemical structure post-extraction. These analyses showed the presence of phenolic units, including hydroxyphenyl propane, syringyl, and guaiacyl units. The morphology of SLP was identified

Inelastic longitudinal electron scattering C2 form factor in 48Ca has been utilized
to study the effects of fitting parameters on the sigma meson exchange type
potentials as a residual interaction. By coupling the core particles with model space
particle, where the latter used as an active part of residual interaction in the so called
core polarization process, it is included as a correction with first order perturbation
theory to the main calculation of model space, and the excitation energy has been
carried out with ( ). A model space wave vectors are generated in full fp shell
model with FPD6 as effective interaction with mixing configuration technique and
harmonic oscillator as a single particle wave function.

In the present study, free convection heat and mass transfer of fluid in a square packed bed enclosure is numerically investigated. For the considered geometrical shape, the left vertical wall of enclosure was assumed to be kept at high temperature and concentration while the opposite wall was kept at low temperature and concentration with insulating both the top and bottom walls of enclosure. The Brinkman– Forchheimer extended Darcy model was used to solve the momentum equations, while the energy equations for fluid and solid phases were solved by using the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model.Computations are performed for a range of the Darcy number from 10-5 to 10-1, the porosity from 0.5 to 0.9, and buoyancy ratio from -15 t

In this paper Zener diode was designed by mixing three mixing ratios of Ag₂O_(1-x)ZnO_(x), where x is 0.5, 0.3, and 0.1, that are deposited on a p-type porous silicon using laser induced plasma technique at room temperature (RT). The results of the Zener diode showed a decrease in knee and Zener voltage when the mixing ratio of Ag₂O_(1-x)ZnO_(x) structure was increased. Nanofilms of 200nm thickness were prepared from pure ZnO and Ag₂O as well as Ag₂O_(1-x)ZnO_(x) with three maxing ratios and deposited on glass slides at RT to analyze the structure and optical properties. The structures of Ag₂O and Ag₂O

Gypseous soils represented one of the most complex salty soils that faced the geotechnical engineers. Structures that built on gypsum soil will undergo unexpected distortions that will eventually contribute to catastrophic failure. The purpose of this article is to understand the durability of gypsum soil against wetting drying cycles after improvement with polyurethane polymer especially investigate the effect of the wetting-drying cycle on collapsibility. The soil was brought from Sawa lake in AL-Muthanna Governorate in Iraq, with gypsum content 65.5%,  A set of Odometer tests were performed to determine the collapsibility potential (CP) for treated and untreated gypsum soil.  The result shows that adding a different per

    The natural  polyphenolic  compound that cinnamon contains is well known for its various biological activities, a broad variety of pharmacological and therapeutic properties.  Diversified biomedical and pharmacological applications benefit from organic nanoparticles with controlled properties. Bioactive and non-toxic, cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs) can be effective antibacterial agents. Driven by this idea, we prepared spherical CNPs using liquid (PLAL) pulse laser ablation technique and defined those NPs. Using Q-switched Nd : YAG With a wavelength of 1064 nm  pulse laser of constant energy 500 mj , And different laser pulses ( 250 , 500 , 750 , 1000 ) pulse /sec a pure cinnamon target submerged in

The toxic lead additives to gasoline are no longer used in many countries around the world. Many other countries are now phasing out the lead in gasoline. Although the lead fuel is still in use in Iraq, several plans are considered to phase out the lead. The use of organic compounds to replace the lead additives in gasoline is considered now as an option in Iraqi refineries. The main objective of this project was preparation of premium gasoline, by blending of gasoline with Alternative additives (alcohol, aromatic) to enhancing octane number of Al-Doura gasoline pool. Improved gasoline was tested by ASTM standard method which includes octane number measuring by CFR engine analyzer. Gasoline pool RON (80) was used and selective components

       Due to their high nutritional value, richness in carbohydrates and good source of protein, legumes are considered essential for human diet. Legumes flours were used as fermentable material for lactic acid production. Hence, previously isolated lactobacilli strains were used in this study. The strains showed strong microbial growth and their survival in glucose-containing MRS medium and were described using a modified Gompertz equation. Lactobacilli exhibited the shortest latency phase in MRS-glucose medium. While the highest lactic acid produced was 15.40g/l by Lpb. pentosus U1 isolate after 48hours. Furthermore, these strains were evaluated in flours samples for acidification capacity. The results showed a decrease