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PDF Comparison based on Various FSO Channel Models under Different Atmospheric Turbulence
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Recently, wireless communication environments with high speeds and low complexity have become increasingly essential. Free-space optics (FSO) has emerged as a promising solution for providing direct connections between devices in such high-spectrum wireless setups. However, FSO communications are susceptible to weather-induced signal fluctuations, leading to fading and signal weakness at the receiver. To mitigate the effects of these challenges, several mathematical models have been proposed to describe the transition from weak to strong atmospheric turbulence, including Rayleigh, lognormal, Málaga, Nakagami-m, K-distribution, Weibull, Negative-Exponential, Inverse-Gaussian, G-G, and Fisher-Snedecor F distributions. This paper extensively studies and analyses different probability density functions (PDFs) that govern the FSO channel, considering various channel models. This paper aims to comprehensively understand how FSO channels can be effectively modeled using different PDFs. Accurate modeling is crucial for designing FSO systems that can operate optimally under potential environmental conditions. Selecting the appropriate PDF model plays a crucial role in determining the FSO channel's performance during system design. With a multitude of PDF models available, this study aims to identify the most effective PDF model to be employed in FSO channel modeling.

 

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Economic Evaluation of Various Production Scenarios for Zubair Reservoir in the Kifl Field
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This work evaluates the economic feasibility of various production scenarios for the Zubair reservoir in the Kifl oil field using cash flow and net present value (NPV) calculations. The Kifl field is an exploratory field that has not yet been developed or assessed economically. The first well was drilled in 1960, and three other wells were later drilled to assess the oil accumulation, so in this research, Different production scenarios were evaluated economically. These scenarios were proposed based on the reservoir model of the Zubair formation in the field. The research methodology used QUE$TOR software to estimate capital expenditures (CapEx) and operating expenditures (OpEx) based on field-level data, production prof

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Evergreen
Combustion Characteristics of a Free Piston Engine Linear Generator using Various Fuel Injection Durations
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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Mixed Ligand Metal Salts Complexes with Various Ligands
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Metal (III) and (II) coordination compounds of o- phenylenediamine, oxalic acid dihydrate and 8-hydroxyquinoline were synthesized for mixed ligand complexes and characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis and mass spectra, atomic absorption, elemental analysis, electric conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. In addition, thermal behavior (TGA) of the metal complexes (1-6) showed good agreement with the formula suggested from the analytical data. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal (III) and (II) ions with three various ligands in molar ratio at aqueous ethyl alchol for (1:1:1:1) (M: O-PDA: OA: 8-HQ) [where M = Cr+3, Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2. Cu+2 and Zn+2; O-PDA = O-Phenylenediamine; OA = Oxalic acid and 8-HQ = 8-Hydroxyquinoline]. R

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 30 2018
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Stiffness to Weight Ratio of Various Mechanical and Thermal Loaded Hyper Composite Plate Structures
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In this study, several models of the rocket fins were made of hyper composite materials (with two or more reinforced materials) with different volume fractions of components used to produce isotropic composite plate structures. The reinforcement of polyester resin material was done in two ways, with fibre reinforcement and powder reinforcement. The types of fibresthat used were chopped glass fibre and chopped carbon fibre, and the type of powder used was carbon powder. A concentrated load was applied to the models in the form of a cantilever plate. The effect of adding carbon powder on the stiffness to weight ratio and the effect of temperature on this stiffness to weight ratio were studied and discussed. It was observed that hybridization

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Mixed Ligand Metal Salts Complexes with Various Ligands
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Abstract<p>Metal (III) and (II) coordination compounds of o- phenylenediamine, oxalic acid dihydrate and 8-hydroxyquinoline were synthesized for mixed ligand complexes and characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis and mass spectra, atomic absorption, elemental analysis, electric conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. In addition, thermal behavior (TGA) of the metal complexes (1-6) showed good agreement with the formula suggested from the analytical data. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal (III) and (II) ions with three various ligands in molar ratio at aqueous ethyl alchol for (1:1:1:1) (M: O-PDA: OA: 8-HQ) [where M = Cr+3, Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2. Cu+2 and Zn+2; O-PDA = O-Phenylenediamine; OA = Oxal</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
2019 First International Conference Of Computer And Applied Sciences (cas)
Influence of Peristaltic Flow And Brownian Motion Of Jeffery Nanofluid In A Tapered Asymmetric Channel
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Publication Date
Fri Aug 12 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Health Sciences
Employing documentaries in the Iraqi satellite channel to reveal the crimes of the former regime
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This study is one of the descriptive studies, where the researcher used the survey method, which seeks to provide an accurate and appropriate description of the main and sub-categories of the content of the research for television documentaries on the Iraqi satellite channel, relying on the research questions and objectives to analyze the content of the documentaries according to the approach referred to above. The objectives of the research were summarized to identify the function of the documentary programs in Al-Iraqiya channel to detect the crimes of the former regime, to know the frameworks highlighted by the documentary programs in Al-Iraqiya channel to reveal the crimes of the former regime, to identify the extent of the circ

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 17 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Adaptive Control And Signal Processing
Single channel informed signal separation using artificial-stereophonic mixtures and exemplar-guided matrix factor deconvolution
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Publication Date
Sun May 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Investigation of Convection Heat Transfer Enhancement in Horizontal Channel Provided with Metal Foam Blocks
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Convection heat transfer in a horizontal channel provided with metal foam blocks of two numbers of pores per unit of length (10 and 40 PPI) and partially heated at a constant heat flux is experimentally investigated with air as the working fluid. A series of experiments have been carried out under steady state condition. The experimental investigations cover the Reynolds number range from 638 to 2168, heat fluxes varied from 453 to 4462 W/m2, and Darcy number 1.77x10-5, 3.95x10-6. The measured data were collected and analyzed. Results show that the wall temperatures at each heated section are affected by the imposed heat flux variation, Darcy number, and Reynolds number variation. The var

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 13 2020
Journal Name
2020 Ieee International Conference On Mechatronics And Automation (icma)
A Robust Multi-Channel EEG Signals Preprocessing Method for Enhanced Upper Extremity Motor Imagery Decoding
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