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Design and Implementation of an Automatic Control for Two Axis Tracking System for Applications of Concentrated Solar Thermal Power
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The present work presents design and implementation of an automated two-axis solar tracking system using local materials with minimum cost, light weight and reliable structure. The tracking system consists of two parts, mechanical units (fixed and moving parts) and control units (four LDR sensors and Arduino UNO microcontroller to control two DC servomotors). The tracking system was fitted and assembled together with a parabolic trough solar concentrator (PTSC) system to move it according to information come from the sensors so as to keep the PTSC always perpendicular to sun rays. The experimental tests have been done on the PTSC system to investigate its thermal performance in two cases, with tracking system (case 1) and without tracking system (case 2). The experimental results showed that the average solar radiation falling on the PTSC prototype in the two cases during the same time was 854 and 701 watt/m2, respectively, which means an increase in the solar radiation about 21.8 % when using tracking system. It was found that the average useful heat gain output of solar collector was equal to (376.2, 252.6 watt) for the two cases, respectively, so there was an increase of about 48.9 % when using the tracking system. Also, the average thermal efficiency of the PTSC was found to be (20.7, 26.5 %) for the two cases, respectively, which means an increase in the average efficiency by 28% with use of tracking system compared to the fixed case.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2013
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Numerical Analysis of Double Diffusive Laminar Natural Convection in a Right Angle Triangular Solar Collector
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A numerical study of the double-diffusive laminar natural convection in a right triangular solar collector has been investigated in present work. The base (absorber) and glass cover of the collector are isothermal and isoconcentration surfaces, while the vertical wall is considered adiabatic and impermeable. Both aiding and opposing buoyancy forces have been studied. Governing equations in vorticity-stream function form are discretized via finite-difference method and are solved numerically by iterative successive under relaxation (SUR) technique. Computer code for MATLAB software has been developed and written to solve mathematical model. Results in the form of streamlines, isotherms, isoconcentration, average Nusselt, and average Sherw

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Synthesis, Characterizations, and Recent Applications of the Silica-based Mobil Composition of Mesoporous Material: A Review
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Silica-based mesoporous materials are a class of porous materials with unique characteristics such as ordered pore structure, large surface area, and large pore volume. This review covers the different types of porous material (zeolite and mesoporous) and the physical properties of mesoporous materials that make them valuable in industry. Mesoporous materials can be divided into two groups: silica-based mesoporous materials and non-silica-based mesoporous materials. The most well-known family of silica-based mesoporous materials is the Mesoporous Molecular Sieves family, which attracts attention because of its beneficial properties. The family includes three members that are differentiated based on their pore arrangement. In this review,

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Transformation in International Polar System: Study of the future of the nonpolar system
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The study of the future of the international system currently appears, according to scientific data and existing facts in light of the emergence of international actors from non-states and international informal institutions, to be heading towards a non-polarity system and this trend is fueled by many variables to reduce polarity, and it is expected in the future that the international system will turn into a non-polarity.

 

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 06 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Using Neural Network with Speaker Applications
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In Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) the non-linear data projection provided by a one hidden layer Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), trained to recognize phonemes, and has previous experiments to provide feature enhancement substantially increased ASR performance, especially in noise. Previous attempts to apply an analogous approach to speaker identification have not succeeded in improving performance, except by combining MLP processed features with other features. We present test results for the TIMIT database which show that the advantage of MLP preprocessing for open set speaker identification increases with the number of speakers used to train the MLP and that improved identification is obtained as this number increases beyond sixty.

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
A comparative Analytical Investigation of Different Geomagnetic Storms During Solar Cycles 23 and 24
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Abstract<p>In this work, the geomagnetic storms that occurred during solar cycles 23 and 24 were classified based on the value of the Disturbance Storm Time index (Dst), which was considered an indicator of the strength of geomagnetic conditions. The special criterion of Dst >-50 nT was adopted in the classification process of the geomagnetic storms based on the minimum daily value of the Dst-index. The number of geomagnetic storms that occurred during the study period was counted according to the adopted criteria, including moderate storms with (Dst >-50 nT), strong storms with (Dst >-100 nT), severe storms with (Dst >-200 nT), and great storms with (Dst >-350 nT). The statistica</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Aug 01 2025
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Influence of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity on the Ionospheric Sporadic-E Layer Over Baghdad
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Abstract<p>This study examines the monthly mean diurnal variations of the ionospheric sporadic E (Es) layer’s critical frequency (<italic>foEs</italic>) and virtual height (<italic>h′Es</italic>) above Baghdad city (latitude 33.3˚N, longitude 44.4˚E) during Solar Cycle 22 (1988–1995). The analysis examines their correlation with solar activity, represented by sunspot numbers, and geomagnetic disturbances, particularly during the descending phase of the cycle. The findings revealed that <italic>foEs</italic> values were the highest during the solar maximum years (1989–1991), aligning with increased sunspot numbers and geomagnetic activity due to coronal mas</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Ovonic Research
Composite nanostructured growth of (CdS)0.75 (PbS)0.25/Si solar cell and its characterization
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By using vacuum evaporation, thin films of the (CdS)0.75-(PbS)0.25 alloy have been deposited to form a nanocrystalline composite. Investigations were made into the morphology, electrical, optical and I-V characteristics of (CdS)0.75-(PbS)0.25 films asdeposited and after annealing at various temperatures. According to AFM measurements, the values of grain sizes rise as annealing temperatures rise, showing that the films' crystallinity has been increased through heat treatment. In addition, heat treatment results in an increase in surface roughness values, suggesting rougher films that could be employed in more applications. The prepared films have direct energy band gaps, and these band gaps increase with the increase in the degrees

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Effect of Metals ( Au, Ag, and Ni) as Cathode Electrode on Perovskite Solar Cells
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Abstract<p>Gold, silver and nickel used as electrodes in the fabrication of perovskite solar cell by using thermal evaporation deposition method with direct structure FTO\ TiO<sub>2</sub>\ MAPbI<sub>3</sub>\ spiro-MeOTAD\ metal electrode. The cell efficiency was compared between the electrodes material as a function of time to explaining the effect of these metals electrode on cell performance, X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the samples that contain gold and nickel do not contain a compound indicating the interaction of the metal with the components of the cell or the formation of a new compound, while in the cell containing silver it was found that silver iodide is fo</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Energy Procedia
Electron Contribution to Stopping Power in Burning Plasma
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The dependence of the energy losses or the stopping power for the energies and the related penetrating factor are arrive by using a theoretical approximation models. in this work we reach a compatible agreement between our results and the corresponding experimental results.

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 12 2017
Journal Name
Int'l Journal Of Computing, Communications & Instrumentation Engg.(ijccie)
Variant Parameters effect on OFDM Estimation Power Consumption
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