The primary objective of this study was to identify the mechanisms for the development and propagation of longitudinal cracks that initiate at the surface of composite pavement. In this study the finite element program ANSYS version (5.4) was used and the model worked out using this program has the ability to analyze a composite pavement structure of different layer properties. Also, the aim of this study was modeling and analyzing of the composite pavement structure with the physical presence of crack induced in concrete underlying layer. The results obtained indicates that increasing the thickness of the asphalt layer tends to decrease the stress intensity factor, which may be attributed to the rapidly decrease of horizontal tensile stress in the asphalt layer. The cracks initiate at the surface due to high vertical stress and shear stress from wheel loads tends to propagate downward due tensile stress generated at the bottom of the asphalt layer or near crack tip, and the whole process occur at the same location of the existing cracks in underlying concrete layer rather than travel up from existing crack. As the load position varies from the crack zone, this result in tensile stresses or tension at the crack tip, leading to increase the stress intensity factor and intern result in crack propagation further into the depth of the pavement.
This study explored the use of industrial acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) for biodiesel production, facing a significant obstacle due to its high free fatty acid (FFA) content, which complicates the biodiesel production process. Typically, esterification is employed to convert FFAs into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Herein, the effectiveness of tungstosilicic acid hydrate (TSAH) as an unsupported heteropoly acid (HPA) catalyst for FFA esterification in ACPO was investigated. The FFA content was reduced from 8.43% to 0.95% under optimum conditions (4 wt% catalyst dosage, a methanol to oil molar ratio of 10:1, 150 min and a temperature of 60°C). Noteworthy, the TSAH catalyst showed stability over 7
The research study focused on the need to clarify the relationship between the Websites of Iraqi Newspapers and their roles in covering the internal crises in Iraq. The selection of Iraqi websites for the newspapers Al-Zaman and Al-Sabah was adopted as one of the most important media with a wide audience; and as a model of hot news and continuous coverage of those sites since 2003 so far. As a result, this necessitated the emergence of new types of methods of editing and writing news stories related to Iraq.
Consequently, the enormous and rapidly changing amount of Iraq news, the process of preparing and creating news has become a complex industry
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to measure the relationship and effect of the application of total production maintenance TPM in the operational strategy, as it is considered one of the most important strategies for the process of restoring production losses because of inefficient equipment. Competitive edge in the global market by upgrading the operational strategies of OS in the application of TPM in those institutions that apply both H-OS-oriented and P-OS-oriented strategies where the strategy has been identified as a critical success factor. The aim of this study is to attempt to consider the application of comprehensive productive maintenance in industrial establishments
The banking industry, as a result of the great challenges it faced, required continuous development of the principles of management, control and mechanisms used. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has played a leading role in legalizing many of these developments and has been able to contribute significantly to establishing a common framework for banking supervision, The central role in the various countries of the world is based on coordination between the various regulatory authorities and thinking about finding mechanisms to confront the risks faced by banks, recognizing the importance of the banking sector in the stability of domestic and international banking systems or the danger of this sector in the emergence of F
... Show MoreLocal communities are in need of self-resources so that they can perform their multiple functions which serve the objectives of the local development, and tax revenues are considered as important sources of their funding. However, despite the efforts of the state to reform the fiscal system and to improve the management in the local administration, tax collection can increase when the state adopts a more effective policy to combat tax evasion and tax fraud. Accordingly, this research aims to shed light on the role of local tax revenues in the local development. A set of conclusions are drawn; the most important one is that Algeria, in order to achieve local development, has taken a set of reforms, which are still valid until now. The mos
... Show MoreThe Purpose of this study is mainly to improve the competitive position of products economic units using technique target cost and method reverse engineering and through the application of technique and style on one of the public sector companies (general company for vegetable oils) which are important in the detection of prices accepted in the market for items similar products and processing the problem of high cost which attract managerial and technical leadership to the weakness that need to be improved through the introduction of new innovative solutions which make appropriate change to satisfy the needs of consumers in a cheaper way to affect the decisions of private customer to buy , especially of purchase private economic units to
... Show MoreResearchers classified deconstruction as a strategy concerned with reading the philosophical, literary, artistic and critical texts according to (construction and deconstruction) binarism, which is an applied procedural space that calls for researching the layers of meaning and its non-closure. It establishes reversals in the text level. The center changes into a margin and vice versa. Thus the two researchers sought to study the deconstruction strategy and its work in the theatre field, that deconstruction is considered one of the most important modern currents that actively inters in reading the theatre show. The research studies the procedure of the construction and deconstruction of the Iraqi theatre actor reg
... Show MoreIn this research, we find the Bayesian formulas and the estimation of Bayesian expectation for product system of Atlas Company. The units of the system have been examined by helping the technical staff at the company and by providing a real data the company which manufacturer the system. This real data include the failed units for each drawn sample, which represents the total number of the manufacturer units by the company system. We calculate the range for each estimator by using the Maximum Likelihood estimator. We obtain that the expectation-Bayesian estimation is better than the Bayesian estimator of the different partially samples which were drawn from the product system after it checked by the
... Show MoreThis study aimed identify the teachers of sociology. In the development of creative thinking. I have students in middle school .llvra literary. In schools. Second Karkh From the perspective of the teachers and the students themselves numbered (41), a teacher and a school. As The study population encompassed of some students the fourth and fifth preparatory stage in the Karkh II schools, totaling 200 male and female students. As the study sample were consisted of (7) and a teacher (34) and accented (85) of male students (115) were female student The researcher the questionnaire which consisted of (39) items And to achieve the objectives of the study it was ascertained sincerity And stability. And
... Show MoreThe status of women in any society is one of the basic criteria for measuring the degree of progress that society and follow renaissance march side by sidewith men , and is no doubt that women are now of interest to the state , even if limited , which promotes public ideologies on the need for womens participation in economic infrastructure operations and social and the right to gain information and knowledge, entertainment and exercise its role in development through its president and actor in the family and raising the next generation configuration.
And affect the basic tributaries that draws them women information and ideas have a direct impact on the composition of cultural and cognitive entity woman comes satellite channels
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