The aim of the present study was to characterize the Iraqi Tribulus terrestris for the presence of biologically active phyto-chemicals using methanolic extracts of the plant (aerial parts) by Gas Chromatography –Mass spectrometry (GC/MS), while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library , in addition to study the antioxidant activity of plant extract , results confirmed the presence of therapeutically potent compounds in the Iraqi Tribulus terrestris extract predominantly alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. Antioxidant potential of Iraqi Tribulus terrestris

In this study, investigations of structural properties of n-type porous silicon prepared by laser assisted-electrochemical etching were demonstrated. The Photo- electrochemical Etching technique, (PEC) was used to produce porous silicon for n-type with orientation of (111). X-ray diffraction studies showed distinct variations between the fresh silicon surface and the synthesized porous silicon surfaces. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis was used to study the morphology of porous silicon layer. AFM results showed that root mean square (RMS) of roughness and the grain size of porous silicon decreased as etching current density increased. The chemical bonding and structure were investigated by using fourier transformation infrared spec

Abstract

 Nano-crystalline ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal method using chelating agent and two gel compositions:Compositionɪ:Al₂O₃:86SiO₂:5.5TPA:12.7Na₂O:3.4Trien:3320H₂O.Compositionɪɪ:Al₂O₃:68SiO₂:5.4TPA:10Na₂O:2.6Trien:2626H₂O.Study of hydrothermal reaction factors on characteristics of nano- sized zsm-5 has been carried on ,among them are crystallization temperature, crystallization time and concentration of template ( TPAOH ) solution. Synthesis was accomplished in PTFE lined autoclave ( reactor ) . The product were characterized by X-ray diffraction ( XRD ),Atomic force microsc

International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering

     Biosensor is defined as a device that transforms the interactions between bioreceptors and analytes into a logical signal proportional to the reactants' concentration. Biosensors have different applications that aim primarily to detect diseases, medicines, food safety, the proportion of toxins in water, and other applications that ensure the safety and health of the organism. The main challenge of biosensors is represented in the difficulty of obtaining sensors with accuracy, specific sensitivity, and repeatability for each use of the patient so that they give reliable results. The rapid diversification in biosensors is due to the accuracy of the techniques and materials used in the manufacturing process and the interrelationshi

In this study, thermal characteristics of a two-phase closed heat pipe were investigated experimentally and theoretically. A two-phase closed heat pipe (copper container, Fluorocarbon FC-72 (C6F14) working fluid) was fabricated to examine its performance under the effect of input heat flux range of 250–1253 W/m2 , 70% fill charge ratio and various tilt angles. The temperature distribution along the heat pipe, input heat to evaporator section, and output heat from condenser were monitored. A comprehensive mathematical model was developed to investigate the steadystate heat transfer performance of a two-phase closed heat pipe. A steady state analytical model, is presented to determine important parameters on the design of two-phase close

In this work, silver (Ag) self-metallization on a polyimide (PI) film was prepared through autocatalytic plating. PI films were prepared through the solution casting method, followed by etching with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, sensitization with tin chloride (SnCl₂), and the use of palladium chloride (PdCl₂) to activate the surface of PI. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed the highest peak in the (Ag) region and confirmed the presence of AgNPs. The diffraction peaks at 2θ = 38.2^°, 44.5^°, 64.6^°, and 78.2^° represented the 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes of Ag, respectively. The FT–IR an

Background: liver diseases may not be recognized by clinicians, who can lead to a subsequent delay
in the initiation of effective therapies, the commonest presenting signs and symptoms of pediatric liver
diseases include hepatomegaly, jaundice, coagulopathy or elevation of the liver enzymes or waste
products as ammonia.
Objectives: To highlight the etiologies, pattern of presentations and the route of diagnosis of all liver
diseases in children less than 10 years referred to the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit in
Children Welfare Teaching Hospital over a six months period.
Patients and methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Unit in the Children Welfare Teaching Hospi

The research aims to identify the effect of applying administrative decentralization to an educational performance by assessing educational performance before and after the process of transferring powers from the federal government (the Iraqi Ministry of Education) to local governments (governorates) as well as identifying the appropriate central or decentralized administrative system to advance the educational reality and performance. To achieve the goal of the research, educational data was collected and analyzed, as well as the measurement of educational performance indicators and analysis during two phases, the first represents the stage of applying the central system and spanned between the academic year (2011-2012) and the

The corrosion behavior and corrosion inhibition of α-brass (65.3% Cu, 34.4% Zn and others 0.3%) in 0.6 mol.dm-3 NaCl solution have been investigated using potentiostatic polarization technique, the main results obtained were expressed in terms of corrosion (Ec) and corrosion current (ic). The research was performed in neutral and slightly acidic media [pH=7 and pH=4] over the temperature range (288-318)K. It was found that the rate of corrosion increases with the increase of acidity and the increase of temperature. The rate of corrosion increased with the increase of temperature in conformity with Arrhenius equation. Values of activation energy (Ea*), pre-exponential factor (A) and entropy of activation (∆S*) have been derived f