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Hydrodynamics, Mass and Heat Transfer in Reactive Distillation
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      The ethyl acetate synthesis via heterogeneous reactive distillation is studied experimentally using ethanol and acetic acid. Three types of cation exchanging resins were used as catalysts: Zerolit 225, Zerolit 226 and Ambylite 400. Experiments were carried out in two units of the same dimensions. Each unit consisted of three sections: rectifying, reactive and stripping sections of heights (60+25+20) cm respectively and 2.5cm column diameter. The first unit (column-A-) was a fractionation type and the second unit (column-B-) was packed column. The packing type was hollow glass cylinders with 10 mm height, and 4, 5 mm inner and outer diameter respectively.

      The experiments were carried out by using two operation modes. The semi-batch and continuous operation mode. In the first part of present investigation, the semi-batch mode was used to evaluate the catalyst type and to evaluate the performance of reactive distillation unit configuration (Fractionation and packed column). Results show that, the column-B- gave higher conversion rates than column-A-. This is attributed to the high surface area available for liquid vapour contact in packed type column, which leads to increasing mass transfer rates.  On the other hand, Ambylite 400 catalyst showed higher activity for esterification reaction than other two types of catalysts.

      The second part of work continued with column -B- only. It is well known that, the esterification process is regarded one of exothermic reactions. Therefore, the monitoring of the temperature distribution along column axial for all three types of catalysts showed that the temperature distribution was essentially the same due to steady state operation in continuous operation mode. On the other hand, the effect of reflux ratio on temperature distribution was clearly noted, that is as the reflux ratio increased the temperature distribution along the column was reduced for each type of catalysts.

      On the other hand, the experimental results point that, as a reflux ratio increases the conversion rates of acetic acid is increased too because such increasing is related to high mass transfer rates between  vapour and liquid along reactive distillation column.

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 26 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Income Tax in Iraq and the Treatment of Married Women in Charge
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   Iraqi legislator taxation  married women in charge of the income tax treatment of the man in charge of tax and the application of the principle of equality of individuals to bear public burdens. The factor legislator women in charge of special treatment in some cases, taking into account the circumstances family allow  tax in the case of whether she was married to a man is unable to completely work and does not have a resource, as well as giving the legislator allow for her children. it observed that the amount of allowing still little is notcommensurate with the high cost of living in addition to limiting the tax allowances granted within the limits of the taxpayer and his immediate family did not take the legisla

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Oct 09 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF INDEPENDENT IRAQI NEWSPAPERS IN PROMOTING THE VALUES OF CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONAL BELONGING IN THE SOCIETY: (An Analytical Study in the Opinion Articles in the Newspapers of Al-Sabah Al-Jadeed and Al-Mada)
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The research problem stems from a chief question: “What is the nature of the responsibility that «Al-Sabah Al-Jadeed» and «Al-Mada» Newspapers have undertaken in promoting the values of citizenship and national belonging in the society? The research aims to achieve a number of goals, including: Determining the most prominent themes that were emphasized in the opinion articles in these two newspapers within the framework of the responsibility of promoting the values ​​of citizenship and national belonging in society, and revealing the most prominent topics that were discussed in opinion articles in the two sample newspapers regarding the promotion of the mentioned values. This research is a desc

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Jan 23 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Exploitation decision and impact factors in improvement in stock exchange markets proportion investment small
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The purpose of the search definition on factors superior this whoever  impact on the improvement the exploitation  decision this  detect on stock exchange markets  assumption , and using  questioners to data accumulate  and the Iraq market of financial papers  battleground to search annoy chose the eyeball extension (47) peoples from peoples employees on the market , and using the bought statistic program (SPSS) on input and analysis search  data , and machinate the search outputs to their group of factors internal and external which impact on exploitation  decision on financial papers markets , and the search commend on necessary rise  the incumbency direction  in the stock exchange

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 28 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Education College Wasit University
Effect of temperature and water supply on the growth of wheat and barley in Diyala and Maysan
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تتمحور هذه الدراسة حول اثر عنصرين مهمين من عناصر المناخ في  زراعة وإنتاج محصولي القمح والشعير في محافظتين من محافظات العراق هما  ديالى وميسان بهدف الكشف عن الامكانات المناخية لزراعتهما وانتاجهما في تلك المحافظتين. يعد محصولي القمح والشعير من أهم المحاصيل الحقلية المزروعة في المحافظتين، اذ تمتلكان إمكانيات واسعة للتوسع بزراعتهما وإنتاجهما؛ وهناك فرصة كبيرة لزيادة غلة الدونم الواحد عن طريق حل المشاكل و

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Mar 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Becoming and integrative film in postmodern cinema
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The subject of the tagged research (becoming and integration of the film in postmodern cinema) is summarized by studying the transformations and complementarity of the film in light of the emergence of the concern of postmodernism. Then the need for it, as well as the objectives of the research and clarify its limits, as well as its importance. Then the transition to the theoretical framework, which included two sections, the first topic was entitled: Postmodern Cinema Formation and Completion, while the second topic was entitled: Paradox in Postmodern Film.

After completing the theoretical aspect, the research concluded with a number of theoretical framework indicators that were adopted as a tool for analyzing the sample, then th

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Oct 23 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Affordable Housing Policies in Iraq and Jordan
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2019
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Extremism in religion Causes, effects and treatment
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Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon His messenger, the mercy of the worlds.
As for after ....
It is clear from the legal texts in the Noble Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, that Islam is a method that interferes in everything in beliefs, worship, behavior and transactions, and it forbids excess and extremism and mistrust of people and looking at them through a black lens, self-conceit and contempt of others.
In our research, we will try, God willing, to study the phenomenon of religious extremism with its comprehensive dimensions, the position of Islam on it through the verses and hadiths discussed by it, and the diagnosis of the reasons for its emergence and emergence, because if we learn

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Proverbs and preaching Sermons in Pre-Islamic Poetry and their indications Peacefulness
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Proverbs and preaching Sermons in Pre-Islamic Poetry and their indications Peacefulness

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 03 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Prohibitions Related to Food and Drinks and Their Retribution in the Torah
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Summary

   

 Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of the Messengers, Muhammad, and upon all his family and companions.

      The circle of taboos in the Jewish Sharia is wider than other laws, as the Jews have severe and very complicated rituals in the matter of food, which may not be found among other people of other religions, as the dietary laws that specify foods and drinks forbidden in the Jewish Sharia include very diverse topics.  The Torah specified all these laws with several texts

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 20 1930
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Prison and imprisonment   And their impact on the strengthening of power In the Qur'anic perspective
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Prison and imprisonment  
And their impact on the strengthening of power
In the Qur'anic perspective

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