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Hydrodynamics, Mass and Heat Transfer in Reactive Distillation
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      The ethyl acetate synthesis via heterogeneous reactive distillation is studied experimentally using ethanol and acetic acid. Three types of cation exchanging resins were used as catalysts: Zerolit 225, Zerolit 226 and Ambylite 400. Experiments were carried out in two units of the same dimensions. Each unit consisted of three sections: rectifying, reactive and stripping sections of heights (60+25+20) cm respectively and 2.5cm column diameter. The first unit (column-A-) was a fractionation type and the second unit (column-B-) was packed column. The packing type was hollow glass cylinders with 10 mm height, and 4, 5 mm inner and outer diameter respectively.

      The experiments were carried out by using two operation modes. The semi-batch and continuous operation mode. In the first part of present investigation, the semi-batch mode was used to evaluate the catalyst type and to evaluate the performance of reactive distillation unit configuration (Fractionation and packed column). Results show that, the column-B- gave higher conversion rates than column-A-. This is attributed to the high surface area available for liquid vapour contact in packed type column, which leads to increasing mass transfer rates.  On the other hand, Ambylite 400 catalyst showed higher activity for esterification reaction than other two types of catalysts.

      The second part of work continued with column -B- only. It is well known that, the esterification process is regarded one of exothermic reactions. Therefore, the monitoring of the temperature distribution along column axial for all three types of catalysts showed that the temperature distribution was essentially the same due to steady state operation in continuous operation mode. On the other hand, the effect of reflux ratio on temperature distribution was clearly noted, that is as the reflux ratio increased the temperature distribution along the column was reduced for each type of catalysts.

      On the other hand, the experimental results point that, as a reflux ratio increases the conversion rates of acetic acid is increased too because such increasing is related to high mass transfer rates between  vapour and liquid along reactive distillation column.

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analaysis of the lmpacyt fiscal policy in Iraq on stabilization and economic growth for the period (2003-2010)
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        The vision and philosophy of the economic system in Iraq after 2003 were not clear-cut because of overlapping internal factors was the novelty of the political system and the lack of political and economic decision makers to understanding and conviction full need shaping a new administration for the Iraqi economy is able to succeed economic development programs, and external factors was determinedly organizations international application of shock reforming style and contrary to the social reality and the security which reflected negatively on the work and consistency Lisseeash financial balance between stability and growth and raise the level of consumer spending and the importance of r

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Problematic intervention in the new international order and its impact on international relations - the U.S. role a model
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Intervention in International Relations from the concepts that are still highly
controversial among those he considers a breach of international law and the UN Charter and
in violation of the rule , and those who felt that the need provided, however, that this is linked
motives humanity recognized by the international community , because the international
variables proved the inadequacy of the principle of non-interference and the principle of
sovereignty as the traditional variables international , and therefore most of the international
practice came a bus with many of the behaviors that reflect a decline in its entirety to these
principles , and became adapt these principles with international reality is too compl

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Tikrit University For Humanities
The Egyptian-Chinese Consensus at the Bandung Conference and Its Impact on Strengthening Relations between Them in 1955
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كان المؤتمر الآسيوي الأفريقي الأول الذي عُقد في مدينة باندونغ الاندونيسية عام 1955 هو المؤتمر هو الأول الذي اجتمعت فيه الدول الآسيوية والأفريقية بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية. كان مؤتمر باندونغ بمثابة نقطة الانطلاق نحو تأسيس حركة عدم الانحياز، والتي كانت مصر أحد أبرز أقطابها. شهد المؤتمر تقاربا في الآراء ووجهات النظر بين جمهورية مصر العربية وجمهورية الصين الشعبية، لا سيّما وإن الحكومة المصرية كانت قد تبنت س

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
The art of adornment and make-up in the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and the old country of Yemen as a model
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This research sheds light on those discrepancies in the use of ornaments, adornment and perfumes, as well as the art of cosmetics, in two important civilizations, namely, the Mesopotamian civilization as the earlier civilization, and the civilization of Yemen, which represents the first Arab civilization. Through the foregoing, our research includes two topics, the first topic included the history of the use of decorations, ornaments and perfumes in the civilization of Mesopotamia, while the second topic included the study of ornaments, adornment and cosmetic art in the ancient civilization of Yemen. And then the research came out with a number of conclusions that the researcher considers very important to highlight the differences and f

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN IRAQ BETWEEN THE HAMMER OF POPULATION GROWTH AND THE ANVIL OF THE ADMINISTRATION, FACTS, TREATMENTS AND VISION OF THE FUTURE: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN IRAQ BETWEEN THE HAMMER OF POPULATION GROWTH AND THE ANVIL OF THE ADMINISTRATION, FACTS, TREATMENTS AND VISION OF THE FUTURE
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   Municipal solid waste is one of the most important environmental problems in the world and is an important source of environmental pollution and contributes significantly to the pollution of the basic environmental elements of soil, water and air. The management of municipal waste in general is a process of monitoring, collection, treatment or recycling if possible or disposal of waste. This term is used for waste produced by some human activities. States provide this process to mitigate the negative effects of waste on the environment, health and appearance of the city. It is possible to find solutions to the problem of solid waste and make it an important source of income and contribute to securing employment oppor

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Unipolarity and Its Influences in American Foreign Policy and the Future International Relations: Unipolarity and Its Influences in American Foreign Policy and the Future International Relations
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Abstract
The concept of unipolar has allowed the united states of America to
control the rest of the internations community units through the rxclusively of
control in international affairs without enabling other countries who have the
ability to compete with it to appear this comes as a result of it's position to all
kinds of powers like military, economic and technical powers that enable it to
continue dominating other countries, this superior control enabled it to be the
(hyper power) on the international political scene so that it allowed it to
exercise and implement the policy of domination against all this appeared
after its empire superiority became clear, in a unique way that have never
been known in

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Suspicion in the truth that the satisfaction of the student in the criticism of the speech of the poet and the writer to I bin Al-Atheer
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Suspicion in the truth that the satisfaction of the student in the criticism of the speech of the poet and the writer to I bin Al-Atheer

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 31 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
News of Zubarah Family- Unionists in Nishapur and their Scientific Contributions in the two Centuries (4-6 AH/10-12 AD)
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This research is concerned with qualitatively studying the history of an ancient family, one of the most prominent noble, Alawite families, that assumed the position of the Student Union for the Alawite Supervision in the city of Nishapur in Khorasan during the centries (4-6 H./ 10-12 A.H.). Thus, the research aims to investgate the historical news, and the outstanding Zubarah figures who experience the supereme the religious, historical and scientific position in Khorasan generally and Nishapur particularily. It further aims at arriving at the true meaning of the name Zubarah, and to whom it was called, and the extent of this family’s affiliation to the noble Alawi House, and how they moved to live and settle in the cities of the East

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Conflict Strategy in Comprehending Reading Among the Fifth Literary Students in the Subject of Literature and Texts
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The aim of the current study is to identify the effectiveness of cognitive conflict strategy in comprehending reading among literary fifth students in literature and literature texts. The researcher uses experimental method with partial control. The sample consisted of (80) students distributed into control and experimental groups. The scientific material, the behavioral goals, the teaching plans, and the instrument of the research have been prepared (reading comprehension test) by the researcher.

The instrument's validity and reliability have been calculated and then applied to the sample. After treating the data statistically by using SPSS, the results have revealed that there is a statistically significant difference at the si

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EVALUATION OF ELECTRONIC TRADING AND CENTRAL DEPOSITERY IN THE IRAQ STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOS (2008- 2018): EVALUATION OF ELECTRONIC TRADING AND CENTRAL DEPOSITERY IN THE IRAQ STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOS (2008- 2018)
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The rapid developmemt of information technology and its use in all fields has a bositive influence on all fields , and financial markets have a share of this development through the use of an electronic trading system to settle transactions and enhance transparency and disclosure in all activities of these markets and stimulate their performance .

It is worth nothing that these revolutions remove the necessity for nonstop connection with persons through the internet or phone networks , novel knowledge decreases the charges of structure original transaction system and reducing the fences of new participants entry .

The development in transportations expertise allows for quicker or

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