The Esterification kinetics of acetic acid with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a homogenous catalyst was studied with isothermal batch experiments at 50-60°C and at a different molar ratio of ethanol to acetic acid [EtOH/Ac]. Investigation of kinetics of the reaction indicated that the low of [EtOH/Ac] molar ratio is favored for esterification reaction, this is due to the reaction is catalyzed by acid. The maximum conversion, approximately 80% was obtained at 60°C for molar ratio of 10 EtOH/Ac. It was found that increasing temperature of the reaction, increases the rate constant and conversion at a certain mole ratio, that is due to the esterification is exothermic. Activity coefficients were calculated using UNIFAC program. Results showed deviation in activation energy in the non-ideal system of about 20% this is due to the polarities of water and ethanol compared to the non-polar ethyl acetate this dissimilarity leading to strong non- ideal behavior. The homogenous reaction has been described with simple power-law model. The chemical equilibrium combustion calculated form the kinetic model in agreement with the measured chemical equilibrium.
The current research is summarized by studying and understanding the imagination and what resulted from it in postmodern arts, specifically Pop Art. The research was focused spatially (America) between the year 1950-1975 AD and it defined the research problem by asking about what factors and variables that established the social imagination in culture Al-Gharbia, which in turn crystallized the Western cultural product to appear in its form, which is historically called "pop art". Two studies were adopted in the second chapter. The first one was the cultural structure of the social imagination. The second topic was concerned with the stylistic diversity of pop art, and the third chapter included research and accreditation procedures. Ther
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This study examines Agence France Presse’s (AFP) media treatment of the Great Return Marches in order to identify its contents, the issues it gave attention to, its sources, attitude, techniques, objectives, the journalistic forms used in covering events and the typographic elements used to highlight them.
This descriptive study employed the survey methodology through the use of content analysis method, and the methodology of mutual relations through the use of the case study method. The data was collected by means of a content analysis form. The study was based on the Agenda Setting Theory in the analysis of the study results.
The study sample included (116) news texts from AFP collected during the period from 20/3/2018 to
The Noble Qur’an is the book of God, the Blessed and Exalted, in which is the teachings of God Almighty’s religion, which is Islam, in order for people to unite it and establish servitude to it. The individual and the society alike saw it appropriate to make my opinion alerting the seriousness of this matter, so the research was entitled (The Impact of Sins and Disobedience on the Individual and Society in the Holy Qur’an - Objective Study), knowing that we touched upon some of the effects, which we found it appropriate to mention in this research in the service of the good. Its details came in the Holy Qur’an without referring to others, noting their arrangement in the Holy Qur’an..
In this paper the reinforced materials manufactured from steel continues fibers are used in Aluminum matrix to build a composite material. Most of researches concentrated on reinforced materials and its position in the matrix according to its size and distribution, and their effects on the magnitude of different kinds of the stresses, so this paper presents and concentrate on the geometrical shape of reinforced material and its effects on the internal stresses and strains on the composite strength using FEM as a method for analysis after loaded by certain force showing the deference magnitudes of stresses according to the different geometrical shapes of reinforced materials.
The research aims at the scholars’attention to the importance and role of Arab Muslim women through books and historical studies that historians and scholars have taken up like Ibn Al-Jawzi (597 AH) and his book Safwat Al-Safwa, where he presented the conduct of worship and their words and deeds, and explained to women worshipers other aspects of their lives, such as the scientific aspect Crafts and works as well as their prominent role in preaching and religious guidance, and the impact of this on their morals and qualities. This study showed the strength of the personality of women and their high interest in worship. The importance of the study lies in knowledge.The research followed the role of Muslim women to carry t
... Show MoreAn experimental and theoretical study has been done to investigate the thermal performance of different types of air solar collectors, In this work air solar collector with a dimensions of (120 cm x90 cm x12 cm) , was tested under climate condition of Baghdad city with a (43° tilt angel) by using the absorber plate (1.45 mm thickness, 115 cm height x 84 cm width), which was manufactured from iron painted with a black matt.
The experimental test deals with five types of absorber:-
Conventional smooth flat plate absorber , Finned absorber , Corrugated absorber plate, Iron wire mesh on absorber And matrix of porous media on absorber .
The hourly and average efficiency of the collectors
... Show MoreThe research has designed for studying the relationship between manufacturing strategy and its flexibility under the flexible manufacturing system with their reflection on the competitive environmental performance of the firm. To interpret and tackle the problem, a hypothesis has formulated stating that “ the competitive performance of a firm is interpreted by the manufacturing strategy and flexibility which are derived from the firm and its business strategies under the flexible manufacturing system”. Related literatures with their theoretical dissertations, which enhanced the thoughtful content, have analyzed. An illustrative case study on the flexible manufacturing system at Toyota Motors Corporation working at the g
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Human resources constitute the most important recourses that the organization owned today, as it may have developed financial and technology resources to achieve their goals, but they are not able to use it with required efficiency and effective and quality desired unless there is human resources that have good skills, experiences and talents that able to directing and exploited ideally that compatible with market requirements, where today's market and business organizations which compete naturally inherent talent, so the task is to attracting and developing talented resources and preservation these talented resources from the challenges that facing organizations.
The research seek to achieve
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The paper aims to reveal the effectiveness of digital journalism in developing political awareness among Iraqi feminist activists. This paper is descriptive, and it adopted the analytical descriptive survey method. A snowball sample composed of (102) respondents of Iraqi feminist activists was adopted and questionnaire was used to collect data. The research has reached the following conclusions: The rate of Iraqi Feminist Activists dependence on digital Journalism have increased; to develop their political awareness, and their preference - in this regard - (the pages of journalistic institutions to social media) in a way that exceeds other types of digital journalism. (Variety of languages) has topped the priorities of Iraqi feminist act
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The other day in the Holy Quran and the four Gospels