The Esterification kinetics of acetic acid with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a homogenous catalyst was studied with isothermal batch experiments at 50-60°C and at a different molar ratio of ethanol to acetic acid [EtOH/Ac]. Investigation of kinetics of the reaction indicated that the low of [EtOH/Ac] molar ratio is favored for esterification reaction, this is due to the reaction is catalyzed by acid. The maximum conversion, approximately 80% was obtained at 60°C for molar ratio of 10 EtOH/Ac. It was found that increasing temperature of the reaction, increases the rate constant and conversion at a certain mole ratio, that is due to the esterification is exothermic. Activity coefficients were calculated using UNIFAC program. Results showed deviation in activation energy in the non-ideal system of about 20% this is due to the polarities of water and ethanol compared to the non-polar ethyl acetate this dissimilarity leading to strong non- ideal behavior. The homogenous reaction has been described with simple power-law model. The chemical equilibrium combustion calculated form the kinetic model in agreement with the measured chemical equilibrium.
لقد حمَّلت مفردة الإرهاب بكمٍ هائلٍ من المفاهيم والدلالات المُتباينة والمُتناقضة . لذا حاول البحث التأكيد على أهمية وضع تعريفٍ مُحدد لظاهرة الارهاب،ومن ثم توضيح ماهي الاسباب الحقيقية وراء تنامي الارهاب في العراق بعد 2003 ،وما هي المتغيرات الاجتماعية والسياسية التي اسهمت في تصاعد وتيرة العمليات الارهابية في العراق،لاسيما وإن المجتمع العراقي مجتمع متعدد الشرائح الاجتماعية،وبشكلٍ قد يُمَّ
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في العقود الملزمة للجانبين اذا لم ينفذ احد المتعاقدين التزامه تنفيذا كليا فانه يجوز للمتعاقد الاخر ان يطلب من المحكمة فسخ العقد فسخا كليا ، الا انه قد يقتصر عدم التنفيذ على جزء من التزامه فعندئذ يثار التساؤل الاتي: هل يمكن فسخ العقد فسخا جزئيا ؟ الملاحظ ان هنالك خلافا فقهيا وقضائيا كبيرا حول جواز الفسخ الجزئي ، فالبعض يجيز الحكم بالفسخ الجزئي ، والبعض الاخر لا يجيز الحكم بالفسخ الجزئي، وقد انتهينا الى القول بع
... Show MorePraisebe to God, Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace be upon the most honorable messengers, our Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and granthim peace. And after
المنظمات الدولية دراسة في منهجها وطبيعة فهمها
Prophecy, the Jews had another concept, does not limit to choosen from God, but expands to include all of the claims to prophethood of priests and magicians and liars, The word prophet in the eyes of the Jews view has abroad meaning, That included the prophets who were chosen by God to his message, in order to repair case Also those, who were of magicians, astrologer & hypocrites
لظهور كثير من الاراء التفسيرية والنقدية والتي تباينت في كثير من الاحيان وبخاصة من المفسرين والمستشرقين لاختلاف المشارب الفكرية لكلا الفريقين وهو ما تطلب تاصيلا لعملية النقد والمقارنة بين المنهجين
This research deals with the study and investigation of the diwan Al_sheikh (Abu Baker Bin Fityan Al_ Arawdaky) dead 672H) . He is one of the Sufism who was born in (Damascus) and lived there all of his life . this biography is limited and his works would not be found except this diwan which oppears on three copies that can be taken from mannscrpt kept in different libraries .
We thought to investigate this diwan in many de partments , but the best one had been chosen according to its completion .
This diwan is special in letters that can be ordered alphabetically , re ferences contain explanation in addition to mention many words and phrase
The historical documentation of the architectural archeology has a fundamental and great importance in evaluating the architectural product that has suffered from neglect
The research aims to reveal the role of financial analysis in rationalizing the investor decision on the Iraqi stock Exchange market, by studying the relationship and impact techniques and methods of financial analysis on the decisions of investors in the market. The most important techniques and methods discussed in this study were: analysis (financial ratios analysis, comparison of financial statements analysis, cash flow statement analysis) for companies listed in the Iraqi stock Exchange market. The researcher adopted the analytical descriptive method which depends on the collection of data on the phenomenon and its interpretation. The questionnaire wa
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