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alkej-370
Delignification of Date Palm Fronds using Modified Organosolv Technique
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Abstract

  In this study, modified organic solvent (organosolv) method was applied to remove high lignin content in the date palm fronds (type Al-Zahdi) which was taken from the Iraqi gardens. In modified organosolv, lignocellulosic material is fractionated into its constituents (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose). In this process, solvent (organic)-water is brought into contact with the lignocellulosic biomass at high temperature, using stainless steel reactor (digester). Therefor; most of hemicellulose will remove from the biomass, while the solid residue (mainly cellulose) can be used in various industrial fields. Three variables were studied in this process: temperature, ratio of ethanol to water and digestion time. Statistical experimental design type Central Composite Design (CCD) has been used to find a mathematical relationship between the variables and the remaining lignin percent as dependent variable. The results obtained in this study were represented by a polynomial mathematical equation of the second degree.  The results showed that the best digestion time was (80 minutes), which gave the best percent remaining concentration of lignin (3%) at temperature of 185oC and ratio of ethanol: water equal to 50: 50 wt/wt. In order to reduce digesting time, the effect of using different catalysts have been studied such as (NaOH, H2SO4, Ca (OH) 2) at low concentration (0.025, 0.025, 0.05M) respectively. It was found that the best catalyst is sodium hydroxide at concentration (0.025) mol/L which gave the same percent of  lignin 3% but with low digestion time about 30 min.

Keywords: Biomass pre-treatment, delignification, lignin, organosolv, date palm fronds.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
The Effect Of Phoenix Dactylifera L. Pinnae Reinforcement On The Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Polymer Composite
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Phoenix dactylifera l. pinnae (the green leaves of dates palm) were used as natural reinforcing (strengthening) fibers to improve the mechanical properties of polyester as a matrix material, the fibers of the green leaves of dates palm were used in two lengths, 10 and 20mm with five rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% , where the reinforcing with the leaves fibers increases the hardness strength from 76.5 to be about 86.55 , the Impact value raised from about 0.313 to 0.461 , in addition to that the flexural strength from 2.66 to be about 55 , and the thermal conductivity increases from 2.54 𝑤∕𝑚.℃ to 5.41 𝑤∕𝑚.℃. The results of the present search explains that the composite samples reinforced at rate 20% and 10mm fiber length

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The relation between some of phenotype characteristics of corn and infection by corn stem borer Sesamia cretica.
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This study was conducted to know the effect of some phenotype characteristics of corn plant on infection by (CSB), using 13 genotypes of corn plant, planting during autumn season 1997 and 1998. The result revealed that the mean of plant height (with male flowering) was (183-219) cm, the mean of leaf No./ plant in all genotypes was (16-18) leaf but the leaf area of plant was (4350-6249) cm2, there were significant differences of phenotype characteristics between genotypes ,the percentage of infection by (CSB) was (5.9-35.9),% the result showed that the phenotype characteristics had non effect on the infection percentage by (CSB) and the correlation coefficient was not significant.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Al-taqni Journal
The Frequency of Urinary Tract Infection According to the Age and Sex in Some of Iraqi Children.
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity of Imines derived from Vanillic Acid Conjugated to Heterocyclic
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The purpose of this research is to prepare new vanillic acid derivatives with 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol heterocyclic ring and evaluate their antimicrobial activity in a preliminary assessment. A multistep synthesis was established for the preparation of new vanillic acid-triazole conjugates. The intermediate of 4-(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (4) reacts with different heterocyclic aldehydes (thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde, pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, thiophene-3-carboxaldehyde, and furfural ) in ethanol containing few drops of acetic acid yielded the corresponding 4-(4-(substituted amino)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-1triazol-3-yl)-2-methoxy phenol derivatives (5-8). These compounds were characterized spectroscopically by

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of Disinfection on Some Properties of Heat-Vulcanized Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer Reinforced by Nano Silicone Dioxide
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Background: The daily cleaning routine of the silicone maxillofacial prostheses by the patient may cause some alteration in the materials properties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different disinfection procedures on some properties of silicon dioxide reinforced Cosmesil M511 HTV maxillofacial silicone. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty (160) specimens were prepared by mixing 5% SiO2 nano particles and 0.5% intrinsic cream color into the silicone polymer according to manufacturer's instructions. Specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the performed test (tear strength, surface hardness, surface roughness and color) with 40 specimens each. Each group was further subdivided according to

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 13 2023
Journal Name
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
The Experimental and Theoretical Effect of Fire on the Structural Behavior of Laced Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams
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A Laced Reinforced Concrete (LRC) structural element comprises continuously inclined shear reinforcement in the form of lacing that connects the longitudinal reinforcements on both faces of the structural element. This study conducted a theoretical investigation of LRC deep beams to predict their behavior after exposure to fire and high temperatures. Four simply supported reinforced concrete beams of 1500 mm, 200 mm, and 240 mm length, width, and depth, respectively, were considered. The specimens were identical in terms of compressive strength (  40 MPa) and steel reinforcement details. The same laced steel reinforcement ratio of 0.0035 was used. Three specimens were burned at variable durations and steady-state temperatures (one

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Proceeding Of The 1st International Conference On Advanced Research In Pure And Applied Science (icarpas2021): Third Annual Conference Of Al-muthanna University/college Of Science
Effect of etching time on the track density of fission fragments human teeth samples with Lexan detector
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 15 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The Effect of Artificial Saliva on The Surface Roughness of Different Esthetic Archwires (An in Vitro Study)
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Background:The demand for esthetic orthodontic appliances is increasing so that the esthetic orthodontic archwires were introduced. This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the surface roughness offiber-reinforced polymer composite (FRPC) archwires compared to coated nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires immersed in artificial saliva. Materials and Methods:Three types of esthetic orthodontic archwires were used: FRPC (Dentaurum), Teflon coated NiTi (Dentaurum) and epoxy coated NiTi (Orthotechnology). They were round (0.018 inch) in cross section and cut into pieces of 15 mm in length.Forty pieces from each type were divided into four groups; one group was left at a dry condition and the other three groups were immersed in artificial saliva (

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The significance of the additional verb in Al-shakshakiah sermon of Imam Ali (peace be upon him)
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The contextual clues researcher guide to determine the meaning of the word is likely to several meanings, was contextual clues Dalili in determining the meanings morphological acts whipped in a sermon Alhqhqih.
And meanings are endless on the contrary language words used to express these meanings, we find that one word may be used to express more than one meaning, leading to the phenomenon of semantic possibility.
So it was inevitable that contain language text on the signs designate the reader and listener and researcher to identify the intended meaning, and these signs are contextual clues in the text.
Actual formulas whipped features from other formulas morphological Pkthertha frequent use and the large number of meanings men

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Evaluation of Resonance Strengths and Reaction Rates of 22Ne (p, gamma) 23Na Nuclear Reaction at Thermonuclear Energies
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At thermal energies near stellar conditions, nuclear reactions are sensitive to resonance strengths of the nuclear reaction cross-section. In this paper, the resonance strengths of  nuclear reaction were evaluated numerically by means of nuclear reaction rate calculations using a written Matlab code, at the energies of interest in stellar nuclear reactions. The results were compared with standard reaction before and after application of a statistical analyses, to select the best parameters that made theoretical results as close as possible to the standard values. Fitting was made for different temperature ranges up to 10 GK, 0.6 GK and 0.25 GK. The evaluated results showed that as the temperature range becomes narrower, more error is ad

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