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Gasoline, Ethanol and Methanol (GEM) Ternary Blends utilization as an Alternative to Conventional Iraqi Gasoline to Suppress Emitted Sulfur and Lead Components to Environment
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Iraqi conventional gasoline characterized by its low octane number not exceed 82 and high lead and sulfur content. In this paper tri-component or ternary, blends of gasoline, ethanol, and methanol presented as an alternative fuel for Iraqi conventional gasoline. The study conducted by using GEM blend that equals E85 blend in octane rating. The used GEM selected from Turner, 2010 collection. G37 E20 M43 (37% gasoline + 20% ethanol+ 43% methanol) was chosen as GEM in present study. This blend used in multi-cylinder Mercedes engine, and the engine performance, and emitted emissions compared with that produced by a gasoline engine.

The results show that this blend can formulate with available Iraqi produced materials. GEM ternary blend offers significant advantages in terms of engine performance compared to gasoline. Also, GEM higher useful compression ratio (HUCR) = 9.25 while gasoline HUCR=7.5. The increment in engine bp was 24.12%, BSFC reduced by 13.9% and brake thermal efficiency increased by 19.59%. The volumetric efficiency increased by 8.06%. Also, CO, HC concentrations were reduced by 30.5%, 25.16% respectively. Smoke opacity reduced by 46.49% and CO2 concentrations reduced by 5% as well as NOx concentrations that reduced by 1.75%.

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2023
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
A review on Activated Carbon Prepared from Agricultural Waste using Conventional and Microwave Activation
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In the recent years the research on the activated carbon preparation from agro-waste and byproducts have been increased due to their potency for agro-waste elimination. This paper presents a literature review on the synthesis of activated carbon from agro-waste using microwave irradiation method for heating. The applicable approach is highlighted, as well as the effects of activation conditions including carbonization temperature, retention period, and impregnation ratio. The review reveals that the agricultural wastes heated using a chemical process and microwave energy can produce activated carbon with a surface area that is significantly higher than that using the conventional heating method.

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 25 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Phytochemical Analysis and Prostate Cancer Cytotoxicity of Iraqi Apium graveolens: A GC-MS Approach
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Apium graveolens has been utilized for a multitude of purposes due to its diverse pharmacological characteristics. On the other hand, little is known about how the fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) terpenes and steroids found in Iraqi Apium graveolens affect the human cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Iraqi Apium graveolens petroleum ether extract on the human prostate cancer cell line (PC3). Subsidiary extraction and phytochemical analysis by GC/MS were performed.The dry and fresh aerial parts (leaves and stem) of Apium graveolens were extracted using a Soxhlet device with 70 % ethanol, then fractionated with petroleum ether. Then Gas Chromatography System was used to identify the bioactive

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Scopus
Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The compatibility of the Development Fund for Iraq to the requirements of sovereign wealth funds An analytical study of the legal framework and institutional structure in accordance with the standards of the Santiago
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Sovereign wealth funds have attracted the attention of the governments of the oil and non-oil countries alike, with a variation of the size of those funds to those states, based on the size of the financial surpluses resulting from Alriadat oil or foreign reserves, or state revenues for other sovereign assets. Raj use these funds remarkably during the financial crises the world has seen, including the crisis of 2008-2007., And Iraq is a oil-producing countries, which has the third largest reserves of crude oil (Crude Oil) at the level of the Arab world and of 140 300)) million barrels after Saudi Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the fourth reserves of crude oil in the world after issued Venezuela to the reserve

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2015
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Iraqi Press and its Role in Shaping Electoral Awareness (Iraqi Parliamentary Elections on 30 April, 2014 as a Model)
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The parliamentary election is one of the features of democratic systems that give individuals the right to participate in government and political election-making. Typically, the process of parliamentary elections received wide attention from media, as well as attention from large segments of the public because they understand the vast importance to assume political positions and associated fates of people and their destinies. Its importance comes from the fact that it allows citizens the right to participate in managing the public affairs by granting their confidence and voices to the elected president or his representatives in the parliamentary.
Media task is to emerge democratic societies, in particular, in the mission of urging p

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 19 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Health Sciences
A study of the mechanical and electrical activities of the heart and their relationship to the phosphagenic and lactic energy systems of young basketball players
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It was found that there was a significant correlation between all tests of the mechanical and electrical activity of the heart (systolic force FC, stroke volume SV, end-diastolic volume, EF volume, and left ventricular volume during diastole LVDD) with the test of the oxygen-phosphating energy system (Markaria). - As safe (Margaria-Kalamen( It was found that there is a significant correlation between all tests of the mechanical and electrical activity of the heart (myocardial systolic force FC, stroke volume SV, end-diastolic volume EDV, and the percentage of heart pumpingEF blood, and left ventricular volume during diastole (LVDD) with the Lactational Oxygen Energy System Test (Wingate Test 30 Second(

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 24 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Computed tomographic measurement of maxillary sinus volume and dimension in correlation to the age and gender (comparative study among individuals with dentate and edentulous maxilla)
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Background : Although development and progress in various diagnostic methods, but still identification of remnants of skeletal and decomposing parts of human is one of the most difficult skills in forensic medicine . Gender and age estimation is also considering an important problem in the identification of unknown skull. The aims of study: To estimate volume and dimension of maxillary sinus in individuals with dentate and edentulous maxillae using CT scan, and to correlate the maxillary sinus volume in relation to gender and age. Materials and Methods : This study included 120 patients ranged from (40-69 years), divided into two groups, dentate group with fully dentate maxilla and edentulous group with complete edentulous maxilla, and e

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
OUTDATED VOCABULARY in A. I. HERZEN's NOVEL " who is to BLAME?": УСТАРЕВШАЯ ЛЕКСИКА В РОМАНЕ А. И. ГЕРЦЕНА «КТО ВИНОВАТ?»
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The article considers the main reason for A. I. Herzen's address to obsolete words, which is their ability to acquire a stylistic coloring in the context of speech, as well as the possibility of combining, in some cases, with neutral lexemes of various functional styles. A certain stylistic effect of such characteristics of this type of vocabulary is represented, as a result of which their stylistic coloring in syntagmatic terms does not coincide with stylistic coloring in terms of paradigmatics, that is, in speech they have a completely stylistic meaning. Attention is focused on the role of outdated vocabulary, which consists in the fact that they serve to implement such features of the artistic style as imagery, emotionality, and their

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 11 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effects of Extracted Peptide from Skin of Iraqi Frog (Rana ridibunda) on Human Leukemic Lymphocytes
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        The purified frog skin peptides were tested on leukemic patients lymphocytes, which revealed effects of cytotoxicity. Four frogs (Rana ridibunda) were stimulated by single intra-peritoneal injection of norepinephrine-HCl . Five different peptides;1(18) A, 2(19) L, 3(20) I,4(21) E and 5(22) Y were isolated and quantified. The peptide 3(20)I had 5.87% of hemolysis, while healthy human lymphocytes cytotoxic activity was for 2(19)L with inhibition( -10.4%).All peptides were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results revealed peptides 1(18)A, 2(19)L, 3(20)I which appeared as low as 10 KDa  marker. Theoretically, the whole polypeptide had a molecular weight 7488.61 Dalt

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Estimating the chemical composition of secondary compounds of Iraqi wild Agaricus bellaniae characterized morphologically and genetically
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   This study, which is considered the first of its kind in the world and the Arab homeland, was carried out in the laboratory of mushroom production belonging to the Medicinal Plant Unit/ College Of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of  Baghdad during the period from July 21, 2016, to December 30, 2018, aiming to isolate and purify the mycelium of the wild isolation in addition to the genetic and morphological identification of the mushroom Agaricus bellaniae. The obtained pure isolation was tagged in the American National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with symbol MF987843.1, thus Iraq would be the second country in the world in which the mushroom is grown following the United States of America. The

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
the role of senior management commitment to total quality in the implementation of knowledge management processes_Asurvey of asample of civil colleges
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Occupies total quality management applications play a key role in the development of institutions of higher education performance and achieve its strategic objectives through the commitment of senior management and their employees to continuous improvement of the quality of performance in the various areas of work, and can be integrated knowledge management processes, which means identifying information of value and how to take advantage. The data were collected using the style of the questionnaire for the purpose of analyzing their results on a sample composed of 83 member of the administrative leadership in colleges as representing the decision-making centers in those colleges . 

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