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Cultivation of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris in Airlift photobioreactor for Biomass Production using commercial NPK Nutrients
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Airlift reactors are widely used in the chemical and biochemical applications as effective contactors for mass and heat transfer. The main advantages of airlift contactor compared with simple bubble column are ease of construction, low shear rate, high capacity, good mixing and liquid circulation without mechanical agitators and circulating pumps.

In this work, growth characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae were studied in an internal loop airlift photobioreactor for biomass production. The bioreactor operated under batch and semi-continuous culture mode using commercially available 20:20:20+TE NPK fertilizer as nutrients. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth rate and biomass productivity of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae as affected by several factors such as nutrients concentration (20-80 mg/L), inlet air flow rate (2-8 LPM), and harvesting ratio (10-30 vol.%). The growth rate and biomass productivity of Chlorella vulgaris was determined as changes in optical density using UV-spectrophotometer. The results of batch operation showed that the growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae was increase with increasing of NPK nutrient concentration used but the access to the stationary phase of growth was delayed. The rate of growth was also increase with the increase in air flowrate to a limit then decrease. On the other hand the airlift photobioreactor can be operated in semi- continuous mode successfully by choosing the optimum conditions from the batch step which was 40 mg/L NPK nutrients concentration and 6 LPM and air flowrate. Several ratios of reactor content were harvested and the maximum biomass productivity was 0.142 g/L.day when harvested 10 vol.% every two days.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 05 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr)
Image Steganography Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Chaotic Map, IJSR, Call for Papers, Online Journal
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'Steganography is the science of hiding information in the cover media', a force in the context of information sec, IJSR, Call for Papers, Online Journal

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
Gazi University Journal Of Science
Reliable Iterative Methods for Solving Convective Straight and Radial Fins with Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity Problems
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In our article, three iterative methods are performed to solve the nonlinear differential equations that represent the straight and radial fins affected by thermal conductivity. The iterative methods are the Daftardar-Jafari method namely (DJM), Temimi-Ansari method namely (TAM) and Banach contraction method namely (BCM) to get the approximate solutions. For comparison purposes, the numerical solutions were further achieved by using the fourth Runge-Kutta (RK4) method, Euler method and previous analytical methods that available in the literature. Moreover, the convergence of the proposed methods was discussed and proved. In addition, the maximum error remainder values are also evaluated which indicates that the propo

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2026
Journal Name
Bioresource Technology
Hybrid Sono-Electro-Fenton (SEF) process driven by photovoltaic (PV) energy for sustainable hospital effluent treatment
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 11 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Developing Load Balancing for IoT - Cloud Computing Based on Advanced Firefly and Weighted Round Robin Algorithms
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The evolution of the Internet of things (IoT) led to connect billions of heterogeneous physical devices together to improve the quality of human life by collecting data from their environment. However, there is a need to store huge data in big storage and high computational capabilities.   Cloud computing can be used to store big data.  The data of IoT devices is transferred using two types of protocols: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This paper aims to make a high performance and more reliable system through efficient use of resources. Thus, load balancing in cloud computing is used to dynamically distribute the workload across nodes to avoid overloading any individual r

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Electronics
Downlink Training Sequence Design Based on Waterfilling Solution for Low-Latency FDD Massive MIMO Communications Systems
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Future generations of wireless communications systems are expected to evolve toward allowing massive ubiquitous connectivity and achieving ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) with extremely high data rates. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (m-MIMO) is a crucial transmission technique to fulfill the demands of high data rates in the upcoming wireless systems. However, obtaining a downlink (DL) training sequence (TS) that is feasible for fast channel estimation, i.e., meeting the low-latency communications required by future generations of wireless systems, in m-MIMO with frequency-division-duplex (FDD) when users have different channel correlations is very challenging. Therefore, a low-complexity solution for

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Medico-legal Update
Knowledge and protective health behaviors concerning risk factors for coronary heart disease among baghdad university students
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Publication Date
Fri Aug 13 2021
Journal Name
Journal Européen Des Systèmes Automatisés
Proxy-based sliding mode vibration control with an adaptive approximation compensator for euler-bernoulli smart beams
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Proxy-based sliding mode control PSMC is an improved version of PID control that combines the features of PID and sliding mode control SMC with continuously dynamic behaviour. However, the stability of the control architecture maybe not well addressed. Consequently, this work is focused on modification of the original version of the proxy-based sliding mode control PSMC by adding an adaptive approximation compensator AAC term for vibration control of an Euler-Bernoulli beam. The role of the AAC term is to compensate for unmodelled dynamics and make the stability proof more easily. The stability of the proposed control algorithm is systematically proved using Lyapunov theory. Multi-modal equation of motion is derived using the Galerkin metho

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 31 2015
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Study Tensile Strength and Wear Rate for Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Nitrile butadiene Rubber Polymer Blend
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Abstract

    Binary polymer blend was prepared by mechanical mixing method of unsaturated polyester resin with Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) with different weight ratios (0, 5, 10 and 15) % of (NBR). Tensile characteristics and wear rates of these blends were studied for all mixing ratios. The microstructure of fracture surfaces of the prepared samples were investigated by optical microscope. The results were showed that strain rates of the resin material increase after blending it with rubber while the ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus values of it will decrease. It is also noticed that the wear rate of resin decreases with increasing of (NBR) content.

Keywords:<

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 06 2021
Journal Name
Pierm
ULTRA-WIDEBAND FEATURING ENHANCED DELAY AND SUM ALGORITHM AND ORIENTED FOR DETECTING EARLY STAGE BREAST CANCER
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Abstract—In this study, we present the experimental results of ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging oriented for detecting small malignant breast tumors at an early stage. The technique is based on radar sensing, whereby tissues are differentiated based on the dielectric contrast between the disease and its surrounding healthy tissues. The image reconstruction algorithm referred to herein as the enhanced version of delay and sum (EDAS) algorithm is used to identify the malignant tissue in a cluttered environment and noisy data. The methods and procedures are tested using MRI-derived breast phantoms, and the results are compared with images obtained from classical DAS variant. Incorporating a new filtering technique and multiplication procedure, t

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 04 2022
Journal Name
Environmental Science And Pollution Research
Geographically weighted regression model for physical, social, and economic factors affecting the COVID-19 pandemic spreading
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Abstract<p>This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of the epidemic spread and the role of the physical, social, and economic characteristics in this spreading. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was built within a GIS environment using infection data monitored by the Iraqi Ministry of Health records for 10 months from March to December 2020. The factors adopted in this model are the size of urban interaction areas and human gatherings, movement level and accessibility, and the volume of public services and facilities that attract people. The results show that it would be possible to deal with each administrative unit in proportion to its circumstances in light of the factors that appe</p> ... Show More
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