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Studying and Modeling the Effect of Graphite Powder Mixing Electrical Discharge Machining on the Main Process Characteristics
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Abstract

This paper concerned with study the effect of a graphite micro powder mixed in the kerosene dielectric fluid during powder mixing electric discharge machining (PMEDM) of high carbon high chromium AISI D2 steel. The type of electrode (copper and graphite), the pulse current and the pulse-on time and mixing powder in kerosene dielectric fluid are taken as the process main input parameters. The material removal rate MRR, the tool wear ratio TWR and the work piece surface roughness (SR) are taken as output parameters to measure the process performance. The experiments are planned using response surface methodology (RSM) design procedure. Empirical models are developed for MRR, TWR and SR, using the analysis of variance (ANOVA).The best results for the productivity of the process (MRR) obtained when using the graphite electrodes, the pulse current (22 A), the pulse on duration (120 µs) and using the graphite powder mixing in kerosene dielectric reaches (82.84mm³/min). The result gives an improvement in material removal rate of (274%) with respect to the corresponding value obtained when copper electrodes with kerosene dielectric alone. The best results for the tool wear ratio (TWR) of the process obtained when using the copper electrodes, the pulse current (8 A), the pulse on duration (120 µs) and using the kerosene dielectric alone reaches (0.31 %). The use of graphite electrodes, the kerosene dielectric with 5g/l graphite powder mixing, the pulse current (8 A), the pulse on duration (40 µs) give the best surface roughness of a value (2.77 µm).This result yields an improvement in SR by (141%) with respect to the corresponding value obtained when using copper electrodes and the kerosene dielectric alone with the same other parameters and machining conditions.

Keywords: EDM, RSM, MRR, TWR, SR, AISI D2die steel, graphite powder mixing.

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Influence of Cold Plasma on Sesame Paste and the Nano Sesame Paste Based on Co-occurrence Matrix
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The aim of the research is to investigate the effect of cold plasma on the bacteria grown on texture of sesame paste in its normal particle and nano particle size. Starting by using the image segmentation process depending on the threshold method, it is used to get rid of the reflection of the glass slides on which the sesame samples are placed.  The classification process implemented to separate the sesame paste texture from normal and abnormal texture. The abnormal texture appears when the bacteria has been grown on the sesame paste after being left for two days in the air, unsupervised k-mean classification process used to classify the infected region, the normal region and the treated region. The bacteria treated with cold plasma, t

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
The Effect of Power Sources in the Agricultural Tractor and the Developed Sprayer System on the Performance of the Electrical and Mechanical Sprayer System and some Performance Indicators of the Engine
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Abstract<p>An experiment was conducted to study the effect of the sprayer type according to the source of power and the size of the spray nozzle concerning the quality of the spray produced and fuel consumption.Two types of sprayers were used: a conventional boom sprayer (S1) and a modified (electrified) boom sprayer (S2), along with three sizes of the XR TeeJet 110 spray nozzle (N). The following technical performance indicators were examined: Density of coverage (drops/cm2) using ImageJ software, a 600dpi business card scanner, specifically the ScanShell 800N by CSSN, Inc, and water-sensitive paper (WSP), rate of spray nozzles discharge (ml/min), and fuel consumption (liters/hectare) using a c</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Workplace Respect on Employee Performance: A Survey Study in Abu Ghraib Dairy Factory
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This paper aims to explain the effect of workplace respect on employee performance at Abu Ghraib Dairy Factory (AGDF). For achieving the research aim, the analytical and descriptive approach was chosen using a questionnaire tool for collecting data.  It covers 22 items; ten of them for the workplace respect variable and twelve items for the employee performance variable. The research population involved human resources who work at AGDF in Baghdad within two administrative levels (top and middle). We conducted a purposive stratified sample approach. It was distributed 70 questionnaire forms, and 65 forms were received. However, six of them had missing data and did not include in the final data analysis. The main results are t

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Microgreens on Drosophila melanogaster
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Celery (Apium graveolens L. ; family : Apiaceae) was often used as a spice in daily food. However, this plant contains many antioxidant compounds useful for attenuating neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. Planting celery in the form of microgreens harvested 15 days was expected to increase the content of bioactive compounds. In the current study, we intended to evaluate the neuromodulatory potential of methanol extract of celery microgreens on fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen : family Drosophilidae ; ordo : Diptera) which were exposed to paraquat. Neuroprotective capacity was assessed by survival rate, locomotor performance, lipid peroxidation and dopamine content after being treated wi

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2009
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study of the heat treatment effect on electrical and porosity of Cermet Coating layers (Zro2 – Y2O3) prepared by Thermal Spraying
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The technical of Flame Thermal Spray had been used in producing a cermet
composite based on powders of stabilized zirconium oxide containing amount of
Yatteria oxide (ZrO2- 8Y2O3) reiforced by minerals powders of bonding material
(Ni-Cr- Al- Y) in different rates of additions (25, 35, 50) on stainless steel base type
(304) after preparing it by the way of Grit Blasting.
Before heat treatment, the coated cermet layers were characterized for porosity
and electric resistivity. All samples were heat treated in vacuum furnace at different
temperature and times. The physical tests had been operated after heat treatment
and gave best results especially porosity, which found to be reduced dramatically
and producing hig

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effects of Water Stress, Nitrogen, Magnesium and their Interactions on Some Growth Characteristics and Essential Oil content of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)
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A factorial experiment was applied with four replicates on rosemary plants (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) grown in pots inside the glasshouse of the Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq, during April, 2019 to July, 2020, to determine the effects of soil moisture content ( SM1: 100% and SM2: 60% field capacity), nitrogen fertilizer (N1: 100, N2: 200 and N3: 300kg/hectare), and magnesium fertilizer (Mg1: 0.0, Mg2: 30 and Mg3: 60kg/hectare) and their interactions on some growth characteristics  and essential oil content of rosemary plants. Two cuttings were taken from rosemary shoots (on March, 2020 and July, 2020) after 12 and 15 months of planting respectively. Results showed that cutting 1:

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
A laboratory assessment on the effect of powder from Foeniculum vulgare and Eruca sativa against saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Impact of Fear and Rational Appeal Scam Techniques on Individual Susceptibility
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Scams remain among top cybercrime incidents happening around the world. Individuals with high susceptibility to persuasion are considered as risk-takers and prone to be scam victims. Unfortunately, limited number of research is done to investigate the relationship between appeal techniques and individuals' personality thus hindering a proper and effective campaigns that could help to raise awareness against scam. In this study, the impact of fear and rational appeal were examined as well as to identify suitable approach for individuals with high susceptibility to persuasion. To evaluate the approach, pretest and posttest surveys with 3 separate controlled laboratory experiments were conducted. This study found that rational appeal treatm

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of knowledge assimilation on strategic clarity - an exploratory study in the Iraqi Ministry of Transport - Iraqi Airways Company*
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The research aims to build an integrated frame of knowledge for the basic research topics, represented by (assimilation of knowledge, strategic clarity) and their basic variables, by examining the most important scientific propositions on these topics in administrative thought, and framing the knowledge contained in them, in a serious attempt to provide appropriate answers to questions The research dilemma, and the research was applied in the Iraqi Airways Company, whose number is (1200) employees, and the descriptive and analytical approach was adopted in conducting the research. A valid form for statistical analysis, i.e., with a retrieval rate of (92%). The two researchers used the (SPSS & AMOS) program for

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 17 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
PDF Study the Effect of Nano Aluminum Oxide Coating on PMMA as Thermal Insulator: Dawood Obied Altiafy *, Hussien Ali Jawad, Noor Taha Ismaeel
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Abstract: In the present work, the heat transfer of Nano Aluminum Oxide -NAO- has been studied practically to define the appropriate insulation conditions.  This study focuses on finding of the amount of heat transfer through a glass substrate that is coated with nanoalumina doped on PMMA matrix. The optical and thermal properties were systematically investigated. The density of heat flow rate, was calculated in the range values (240-260) W/m2 while the optimum values confine between (250-260) W/m2 at temp. (25-35)Co. The results showed that the thermal insulation of the sample was significantly enhanced at temp. (30-50)Co. The simulated net heat transfer through window decreased linearly with incr

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