CuInSe2 (CIS)thin films have been prepared by use vacuum thermal evaporation technique, of 750 nm thickness, with rate of deposition 1.8±0.1 nm/sec on glass substrate at room temperature and pressure (10-5) mbar. Heat treatment has been carried out in the range (400-600) K for all samples. The optical properties of the CIS thin films are been studied such as (absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary dielectric constant)by determined using Measurement absorption and transmission spectra. Results showed that through the optical constants we can made to control it is wide applications as an optoelectronic devices and photovoltaic applications.

CuInSe2(CIS) thin films have been prepared by use vacuum thermal evaporation technique, of thickness750 nm with rate of deposition 1.8±0.1 nm/sec on glass substrate at room temperature and pressure (10-5) mbar. Heat treatment has been carried out in the range (400-600) K for all samples. The optical properties of the CIS thin films are been studied such as (absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary dielectric constant) by determined using Measurement absorption and transmission spectra. Results showed that through the optical constants we can make to control it are wide applications as an optoelectronic devices and photovoltaic applications.

In the present work, different thicknesses of CdS film were prepared by chemical bath deposition. Z-Scan technique was used to study the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients. Linear optical testing were done such as transmission test, and thickness of films were done by the interference fringes (Michelson interferometer). Z-scan experiment was performed at 650nm using CW diode laser and at 532nm wavelength. The results show the effect of self-focusing and defocusing that corresponds with nonlinear refraction n2. The effect of two-photon absorption was also studied, which correspond to the nonlinear absorption coefficient B.

Secure information transmission over the internet is becoming an important requirement in data communication. These days, authenticity, secrecy, and confidentiality are the most important concerns in securing data communication. For that reason, information hiding methods are used, such as Cryptography, Steganography and Watermarking methods, to secure data transmission, where cryptography method is used to encrypt the information in an unreadable form. At the same time, steganography covers the information within images, audio or video. Finally, watermarking is used to protect information from intruders. This paper proposed a new cryptography method by using thre

        This paper aims to identify the contents of the advertisements of the (Take the Vaccine .. to Protect Yourself) campaign that was carried out by the Iraqi Ministry of Health for the period from (11/19/2020) to (4/1/2022), to raise awareness of the anti-Covid 19 virus vaccines, which it published on its official page on Facebook. The researcher used a comprehensive inventory method for the research community, and used the content analysis tool.                                                                             

Abstract:

The six Arab Gulf states (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE) play a vital role, especially with its geographical location and natural  resources (oil and gas) as well as other cultural and civilizational elements, in achieving  global economic balance and more specifically global energy security, naturally  because of  these countries have a comparative advantage in the field of fossil energy (oil and gas), thus this sector becomes more attractive for local and international investments alike. Being  the energy sector a leader sector in the economic development process, and the basic factor to achieve savings and financial surpluses in thes

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique that employs variations in light absorption produced by alteration in the blood volume in capillaries at the skin during the cardiac cycle. This study aims to understand factors related to PPG morphology; a hand-elevation, the study has modified blood flow to and from the finger was conducted in the laboratory. It is widely established that the position of the limb relative to the heart has an effect on blood flow in arteries and venous. Peripheral digital pulse wave (DPW) signals were obtained from 15 healthy volunteer participants during hand-elevation, and hand-lowering techniques wherein the right hand was lifted and lowered relative to heart level, while the left h