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Pregnancy and childbirth are physiological states characterized by sudden hormonal and
immunologically described changes. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of maternal
variables (age, previous abortion, placental position, and fetal position) on some physiological
biomarkers, such as oxytocin (OT), prolactin (PRL), cortisol, and insulin growth factor 2 (IGF -2) and
some immune biomarkers such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death
ligand 1 (PD-L1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Iraqi women undergoing caesarean section (CS). Blood
samples were collected from 48 pregnant women in the age range (16-43 years) and serum was
obtained to determine the levels of the above biomarkers.
The effect of
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