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Comparisons of Mechanical Properties of sub-mm Lead Based and Lead Free Based Solder Using in Manufacturing of Printed Circuits
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Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical compression properties of tin-lead and lead-free alloy spherical balls, using more than 500 samples to identify statistical variability in the properties in each alloy. Isothermal aging was done to study and compare the aging effect on the microstructure and properties.

The results showed significant elastic and plastic anisotropy of tin phase in lead-free tin based solder and that was compared with simulation using a Crystal Plasticity Finite Element (CPEF) method that has the anisotropy of Sn installed. The results and experiments were in good agreement, indicating the range of values expected with anisotropic properties.

Keywords: Lead-free solder, composite solder, and aging.

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 24 2025
Journal Name
Desalination And Water Treatment
Removal of lead, cadmium, and copper from wastewater using Cinnamon bark waste to introduce it as a value-added product: Removal, kinetics and thermodynamics study
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archives
Morpho-physiological study on the effect of lead stress and selenium foliar application on growth of dill plant anethum graveolens l
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The experiment was carried out in the green house of botanical garden belong to Department of Biology/College of Education for Pure Science Ibn AL-Haitham, University of Baghdad for growing season 2017-2018 to evaluate effect of lead stress with concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150) mg.L -1 and Selenium concentrations (0, 15, 30) mg.L-1 on growth of dill plant using pots. The experiment was designed according to completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Result indicated that dill plants subjected to lead stress with height concentrations caused decrease in plant parameters (plant height, no. of branches. plant-1, root length, shoot dry weight, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, protein concentration, no. of umbe

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Estimation of the Rock Mechanical Properties Using Conventional Log Data in North Rumaila Field
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Hydrocarbon production might cause changes in dynamic reservoir properties. Thus the consideration of the mechanical stability of a formation under different conditions of drilling or production is a very important issue, and basic mechanical properties of the formation should be determined.
There is considerable evidence, gathered from laboratory measurements in the field of Rock Mechanics, showing a good correlation between intrinsic rock strength and the dynamic elastic constant determined from sonic-velocity and density measurements.
The values of the mechanical properties determined from log data, such as the dynamic elastic constants derived from the measurement of the elastic wave velocities in the material, should be more a

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 02 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Estimation of the Rock Mechanical Properties Using Conventional Log Data in North Rumaila Field
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Hydrocarbon production might cause changes in dynamic reservoir properties. Thus the consideration of the mechanical stability of a formation under different conditions of drilling or production is a very important issue, and basic mechanical properties of the formation should be determined. There is considerable evidence, gathered from laboratory measurements in the field of Rock Mechanics, showing a good correlation between intrinsic rock strength and the dynamic elastic constant determined from sonic-velocity and density measurements. The values of the mechanical properties determined from log data, such as the dynamic elastic constants derived from the measurement of the elastic wave velocities in the material, should be more accurate t

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2025
Journal Name
Natural And Engineering Sciences
Comparison of Some Soil Mineral’s Ability to Adsorb and Release Lead and Rates of its Removal From its Aqueous Solutions
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To study the comparative use of some soil minerals (zeolite, bentonite, phosphate rock, and limestone) in the adsorption and release of lead and its removal rates from its aqueous solutions using adsorption equations. Two laboratory experiments were carried out for the adsorption and release of lead. The adsorption experiment took 0.5 g of some of the above soil minerals. Lead was added as Pb (NO3)2 at levels of 3.0, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.0 mmol L-1 containing a concentration of 0.01M of calcium chloride. The experimental unit’s number was 72, the concentration of dissolved lead in the equilibrium solution was estimated and the amount of lead adsorbed was calculated. As for the lead release experiment, samples fo

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation of Unsaturated Polyester Nanocomposites and Studying Their Mechanical Properties Using some Inorganic Additives
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In this study three inorganic nano additives, namely; CaCO3, Al2O3 and SiO2 were used to prepare nanocomposites of unsaturated polyester in order to modify their mechanical properties, i.e. tensile strength, elongation, impact and hardness. The results indicated that all the three additives were effective to improve the mechanical properties up to 4% by weight. The effectiveness of them follows the order : CaCO3 > Al2O3 > SiO2 This is due to their particle size in which CaCO3 (13nm), Al2O3 (20-30nm) and SiO2 (15-20nm).

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
EFFECT OF LEAD ACETATE ON HISTOOGICAL FEATURES OF LIVER, SKELETAL MUSCLE AND TESTIS AND SERUM TESTOSTERON LEVEL OF LABORATORY ALBINO MICE Mus musculus.
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Lead acetate as one of the environmental pollutants can threats the life of living creatures in many ways, it has a long half-life, accumulates mainly in the soft tissue and leads to adverse effects in these tissues. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of oral feeding of lead acetate on histological features of liver, kidney, testis and muscle of albino mice. Mice were treated with 0.05 mg/100 ml lead acetate (LA) for 10 days (group A) and for and for 20 days (group B) and for 30 days (group C). The histological section of liver of mice group A characterized by slightly blurred trabecular structure with foci of hepatitis which increased with cytoplasmic vacules in group B but in group C liver reveal necrosis, heamorrhage,

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Practical mathematical skills required for measuring and joining electrical circuits series and parallel
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Skills learning is considered as an important factor in learning any subject as well as mathematics . Mathematical skills have a number of steps that should be learned and understood faster and with more accuracy . The practical or applied skills are type of learning which includes educational preparation and hand on skills is acquired which conducted by organized educational institutions. The sample included (120) students (males and females) first year / dept.of electrical technigues . The mathematical skills are implemented to wire up the electrical circuts. Test is implemented with questions concerned with the skills .statistical operations were conducted as well as the validity and standard deviation for the test .The results showed

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2015
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Multi-Focus Image Fusion Based on Pixel Significance Using Counterlet Transform
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Abstract

 The objective of image fusion is to merge multiple sources of images together in such a way that the final representation contains higher amount of useful information than any input one.. In this paper, a weighted average fusion method is proposed. It depends on using weights that are extracted from source images using counterlet transform. The extraction method is done by making the approximated transformed coefficients equal to zero, then taking the inverse counterlet transform to get the details of the images to be fused. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been verified on several grey scale and color test  images, and compared with some present methods.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Intelligent Engineering And Systems
Airborne Computer System Based Collision-Free Flight Path Finding Strategy Design for Drone Model
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