In this paper, a self-tuning adaptive neural controller strategy for unknown nonlinear system is presented. The system considered is described by an unknown NARMA-L2 model and a feedforward neural network is used to learn the model with two stages. The first stage is learned off-line with two configuration serial-parallel model & parallel model to ensure that model output is equal to actual output of the system & to find the jacobain of the system. Which appears to be of critical importance parameter as it is used for the feedback controller and the second stage is learned on-line to modify the weights of the model in order to control the variable parameters that will occur to the system. A back propagation neural network is applied to learn the control structure for self-tuning PID type neuro-controller. Where the neural network is used to minimize the error function by adjusting the PID gains. Simulation results show that the self-tuning PID scheme can deal with a large unknown nonlinearity
Background: Many types of instruments and techniques are used in the instrumentation of the root canal system. These instruments and techniques may extrude debris beyond the apical foramen and may cause post-instrumentation complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris resulted by using 4 types of nickel-titanium instruments (WaveOne, TRUShape 3D conforming files, Hyflex CM, and One Shape files) during endodontic instrumentation. Materials and methods: Forty freshly extracted human mandibular second premolar with straight canals and a single apex were collected for this study. All teeth were cut to similar lengths. Pre-weighted glass vials were used as collecting containers. Samples were randoml
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The logistic regression model is an important statistical model showing the relationship between the binary variable and the explanatory variables. The large number of explanations that are usually used to illustrate the response led to the emergence of the problem of linear multiplicity between the explanatory variables that make estimating the parameters of the model not accurate.
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The problem of rebellion is considered one of the features of rapid changes that a society undergoes in all spheres and directions of life, especially in the realm of social relations, customs, traditions, values, and principles. Rebellion may manifest itself in rebellion against oneself, against values or traditions, or against social or governmental authority. One may find that submission plays a vital role in all of these interactions. This study deals with the problem of rebellion in the works of two renowned authors: The French Gustave Flaubert and the Israeli Amos Oz, through two main characters who share similar qualities and traits. Emma Bovary and Henna Konin demonstrate this through their rebellion against themselves, their relati
... Show MoreThe study aims to demonstrate the importance of instructional methods in teaching Arabic language as a second language or teaching the Arabic language to non-native speakers. The study is in line with the tremendous development in the field of knowledge, especially in the field of technology and communication, and the emergence of many electronic media in education in general and language teaching in particular. It employs an image in teaching vocabulary and presenting the experience of the Arabic Language Institute for Non-Speakers-King Abdul-Aziz University. The study follows the descriptive approach to solve the problem represented by the lack of interest in the educational methods when teaching Arabic as a second language. Accordingl
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Background: Lymphomas are a group of diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes and cause the characteristic clinical features of lymphadenopathy. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (CD54) is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules. Cortactin was first identified as one of the major substrates for src kinase. because it localized to Cortical actin structures, The aims of this study was to evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical of ICAM-1 expression as cell adhesion molecule marker and Cortactin expression as invasive marker. Material and Methods: This study was performed on (68) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks, histopathologically diagn
... Show MoreThe research aims to show the relationship between the use of automated accounting systems technology and its impact on enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the internal control system in a sample of Bahraini universities in light of the rapid changes in the electronic business environment. Automated accounting and its impact on enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the internal control system, and it is concluded through the analytical study of the research sample that there is a percenta
... Show MoreThe objective of this work is to design and implement a cryptography system that enables the sender to send message through any channel (even if this channel is insecure) and the receiver to decrypt the received message without allowing any intruder to break the system and extracting the secret information. This work modernize the feedforward neural network, so the secret message will be encrypted by unsupervised neural network method to get the cipher text that can be decrypted using the same network to get the original text. The security of any cipher system depends on the security of the related keys (that are used by the encryption and the decryption processes) and their corresponding lengths. In this work, the key is the final weights
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