Gumbel distribution was dealt with great care by researchers and statisticians. There are traditional methods to estimate two parameters of Gumbel distribution known as Maximum Likelihood, the Method of Moments and recently the method of re-sampling called (Jackknife). However, these methods suffer from some mathematical difficulties in solving them analytically. Accordingly, there are other non-traditional methods, like the principle of the nearest neighbors, used in computer science especially, artificial intelligence algorithms, including the genetic algorithm, the artificial neural network algorithm, and others that may to be classified as meta-heuristic methods. Moreover, this principle of nearest neighbors has useful statistical featu

     Improving the performance of visual computing systems is achieved by removing unwanted reflections from a picture captured in front of a glass. Reflection and transmission layers are superimposed in a linear form at the reflected photographs. Decomposing an image into these layers is often a difficult task. Plentiful classical separation methods are available in the literature which either works on a single image or requires multiple images. The major step in reflection removal is the detection of reflection and background edges. Separation of the background and reflection layers is depended on edge categorization results. In this paper a wavelet transform is used as a prior estimation of background edges to sepa

Recently there has been an urgent need to identify the ages from their personal pictures and to be used in the field of security of personal and biometric, interaction between human and computer, security of information, law enforcement. However, in spite of advances in age estimation, it stills a difficult problem. This is because the face old age process is determined not only by radical factors, e.g. genetic factors, but also by external factors, e.g. lifestyle, expression, and environment. This paper utilized machine learning technique to intelligent age estimation from facial images using support vector machine (SVM) on FG_NET dataset. The proposed work consists of three phases: the first phase is image preprocessing include four st

In this paper, the reliability of the stress-strength model is derived for probability P(Y<X) of a component having its strength X exposed to one independent stress Y, when X and Y are following Gompertz Fréchet distribution with unknown shape parameters and known parameters . Different methods were used to estimate reliability R and Gompertz Fréchet distribution parameters, which are maximum likelihood, least square, weighted least square, regression, and ranked set sampling. Also, a comparison of these estimators was made by a simulation study based on mean square error (MSE) criteria. The comparison confirms that the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator is better than that of the other estimators.

 In this paper, we introduce three robust fuzzy estimators of a location parameter based on Buckley’s approach, in the presence of outliers. These estimates were compared using the variance of fuzzy numbers criterion, all these estimates were best of Buckley’s estimate. of these, the fuzzy median was the best in the case of small and medium sample size, and in large sample size, the fuzzy trimmed mean was the best.

A new approach for baud time (or baud rate) estimation of a random binary signal is presented. This approach utilizes the spectrum of the signal after nonlinear processing in a way that the estimation error can be reduced by simply increasing the number of the processed samples instead of increasing the sampling rate. The spectrum of the new signal is shown to give an accurate estimate about the baud time when there is no apriory information or any restricting preassumptions. The performance of the estimator for random binary square waves perturbed by white Gaussian noise and ISI is evaluated and compared with that of the conventional estimator of the zero crossing detector.

The research tried to show the importance of  Administrative Control being one of the important means in administrative work; they work on the review and audit work done and error handling explored in the work and prevent the occurrence and ascertain the extent of implementation of the planned targets, and therefore this is reflected in raising the efficiency of the performance of the tax examiner and complete the work as soon as possible and the highest efficiency and reduce the gaps that may occur between the parties of the tax settling accounts and dealt with in the theoretical side of the search to the research problem, namely with whether operating management oversight to improve the performance and increase the efficiency of t

Carbon nanoparticles are prepared by sonication using carbon black powder. The surface morphology of carbon black (CB) and carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) is investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particles size ranges from 100 nm to 400 nm for CB and from 10 nm to 100 nm for CNPs. CNPs and CB are mixed with silicon glue of different ratios of 0.025, 0.2, 0.05, and 0.1 to synthesis films. The optical properties of the prepared films are investigated through reflectance and absorbance analyses. The ratio of 0.05 for CNPs and CB is the best for solar paint because of its higher solar water heater efficiency and is then added to the silicon glue . Temperature of cold water and temperature of hot water in storage tank were ta

The purpose of this research paper is to present the second-order homogeneous complex differential equation   , where   , which is defined on the certain complex domain depends on solution behavior. In order to demonstrate  the relationship between the solution of the second-order of the complex differential equation and its coefficient of function, by studying the solution in certain cases: a meromorphic function, a coefficient of function, and if the solution is considered to be a transformation with another complex solution. In addition, the solution has been provided as a power series with some  applications.