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Building a Management System to Control the Construction Claims in Iraq
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The paper deals with claims in construction projects in Iraq and studies their types, causes, impacts, resolution methods and then proposes a management system to control the impacts of claims. Two parts have been done to achieve the research objective (theoretical part and practical part). The findings showed that the main types of the claims are extra work claims, different site condition claims, delay claims and the main causes of the claims are variation of the orders, design errors and omission, delay in payments by owner, variation in quantities and scheduling errors. The claims have bad impacts on the cost by increasing (10% to 25%) and also on the duration of the project by increasing from (25% to 50%).The negotiation is the main method which is used to resolve the claims in the construction project in Iraq. Finally, the proposed claims management system is developed to control the causes of the claims during the preconstruction phase and construction phase.

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Evaluation of Free-Fall Gravity Drainage in Water-Drive Reservoirs: Impact of Aquifer Strength and Reservoir Heterogeneity/Homogeneity
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This study experimentally investigated Free-Fall Gravity Drainage (FFGD) under combination-drive conditions in a two-dimensional Hele-Shaw model representing a water-drive reservoir. An initially high gravity potential from the oil column enabled early oil drainage before aquifer support became dominant. Three water-drive strengths were tested, demonstrating that a stronger aquifer (1.15 psig) accelerated oil recovery to approximately 75% of the original oil in place (OOIP) within 60 minutes, resulting in a final recovery of 79.5%. However, this was accompanied by rapid water breakthrough after 2.5 minutes and high-water cuts exceeding 90%. In contrast, a weaker aquifer (0.725 psig) stabilized the oil–water contact, delaying w

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 29 2025
Journal Name
Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica
Molecular detection of fimH, gipA, and ibeA genes in adherent invasive Escherichia coli isolated from patients with ulcerative colitis
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Recently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) worldwide, especially in certain recently industrialized countries like China and In¬dia. Globally, the prevalence of UC, a chronic illness that affects the large intestine, is rising. Fifty adherent invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) isolates were identified from ulcerative colitis biopsy samples originating from the Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and Hepatology teaching hospitals/medical city in Baghdad City. The test’s results demonstrated that the AIEC isolates had a high level of resistance to the majority of the an-tibiotics under investigation. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR) and m

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2010
Journal Name
المجلة السياسية والدولية
الدور الاقليمي العراقي :رؤية في الثوابت الاستراتيجية والتحديات المستقبلية :دراسة استشرافية للدور الاقليمي العراقي ومقوماته الاستراتيجية والاقتصادية والسياسية الفرص المتاحه والقيود
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يناقش البحث المقومات المادية والمجتمعية والموضوعية للدور الاقليمي العراقي بعد العام 2010 والفرص المتاحة والقيود التي تحد منه والافاق المستقبلية لهذا الدور في ظل بيئة اقليمية تسودها منظومات تحالف متناقضة في الاهداف والاستراتيجيات

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
تقويم قانون الخدمة الجامعية رقم 23 لسنة 2008 وأثره في تقليل مظاهر الفساد الإداري والمالي: دراسة تحليلية قدية لنصوص القانون وتطبيقاته
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This research includes an analytical and critique study for the version of the University Service Law No.23 for the year 2008, containing all its aspects and failure whether in its legislation or its applications.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
مجلة كلية الادارة والاقتصادللدراسات الاقتصادية والادارية والمالية
تصميم الترتيب الداخلي األمثل باستعمال تقنية التخصيص النسبي المحوسب للتسهيالت )CRAFT)بحث تطبيقي في الشركة العامة لصناعة الزيوت النباتية – مصنع المأمون
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The facilities layout are among the most important of the most influential factors in the efficiency of the production system, and represents the systematic layout of the various work centers, tools, persons, and other auxiliary services within the factory. Careful selection of the technique that would be used in Re-layout, represents an important step in reaching to the optimum layout that keeps on reducing handling costs and reduce unnecessary movement of materials, as well as the regularity and functioning of the flow of materials through the facilities. The research aims to propose a new layout of (Al-M'ammon Factory / The General Company for Vegetable Oils Industry), and then re-layout according to the new propose layout by using of te

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
مجلة علوم الرياضة في جامعة ديالى
إتخاذ القرار و علاقته بإنماط الشخصية و الإدراك البنائي لدى مدراء منتديات الشباب و الرياضة في محافظات الفرات الأوسط و الجنوبية.
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Publication Date
Sun Oct 04 2020
Journal Name
وزارة التخطيط/الجهاز المركزي للتقييس والسيطرة النوعية
تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة نظرية وتجريبية لتثبيط تأكل سبيكة الفا- براص في ماء البحر ‏بفعل مثبط تأكل جديد مشتق من 2-امينوبينزوثايوزول
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يهدف البحث إلى تحضير سلسلة من معقدات العناصر الانتقالية ثنائية التكافؤ(المنغنيز, الكوبلت, النيكل, الخارصين ‏والكادميوم) مع المركب الجديد(‏KL‏) والمشتق من تفاعل ثنائي كبريتيد الكاربون و المركب الوسطي (‏HD‏). شخصت ‏المعقدات ذات الصيغة العامة[‏M(L)2‎‏] بواسطة طيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي البروتوني والكربوني للمركب الجديد ‏وقياسات الأشعة تحت الحمراء والطيف الإلكتروني ودرجات الانصهار و التوصيلية المولارية و ت

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 30 2022
Journal Name
مجلة واسط للعلوم الریاضیة
المناخ التنظيمي لشعب الرياضة المدرسية في أقسام الانشطة الرياضية و المدرسية لمحافظة بغداد من وجهة نظر مدرسي التربية الرياضية للمرحلة المتوسطة
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يهدف البحث الحالي إلى دراسة تأثير المناخ التنظيمي لشعب الرياضة المدرسية في اقسام الانشطة الرياضية على مدرسي التربية الرياضية لأهمية المناخ التنظيمي لما يمثله من الخصائص والسلوكيات التي يتأثر بها العاملون التي قد تتباين من مكان لآخر والبيئة الجغرافية وثقافتها النوعية وذلك باستخدام المنهج الوصفي ولتتحقق من خلال الدراسة الميدانية, يتمثل مجتمع البحث الحالي من مدرسي التربية الرياضية في مدارس محافظة بغداد وال

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 17 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
/ E-Readiness, UTAUT Model, Social Commerce
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Abstract

Objective / Purpose: Online social relationships through the emergence of Web 2.0 applications have become a new trend for researchers to study the behavior of consumers to shop online, as well as social networking sites are technologies that opened up opportunities for new business models. Therefore, a new trend has emerged, called social trade technology. In order to understand the behavioral intentions of the beneficiaries to adopt the technology of social trade, the current research aims at developing an electronic readiness framework and UTAUT model to understand the beneficiary's adoption of social trade technology.

Design/ methodology/ Approach: To achieve the obje

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 04 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Estimating of Fatty Acids, Tcopherols, Tocotrienols, Total Carotens, Study The Physiochemical Properties And Unsaponifiable Matters Extraction From Crude Red Palm Oil(1)
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The percentage of fatty acids, quantity of tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotens and physiochemical characteristics of crude red palm oil have been evaluated, in addition to specific chemical detection of active compounds unsaponifiable matters. Results of Gas Liquid Chromatography showed:- The major fatty acids in red palm oil is palmitic (44.36%) then oleic (39.65%), linolenic (10.55%), stearic (3.56%), myristic (1.22%), arachdonic (0.24%) and palmotic (0.19%). Red palm oil contains ? – ?- ?- ? – Tocopherols with concentration 258 , 121 , 259, 109 m/kg oil , ? – ?- ?- ? – Tocotrienol with concentration 462.77 , 571.03, 619.18, 509.07 m/kg oil respectively. Total tocopherols & tocotrienols 2909.05 m/kg oil and

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