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Effect of Fuel Cetane Number on Multi-Cylinders Direct Injection Diesel Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions
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Due to the energy crisis and the stringent environmental regulations, diesel engines are offering good hope for automotive vehicles. However, a lot of work is needed to reduce the diesel exhaust emissions and give the way for full utilization of the diesel fuel’s excellent characteristics.

A kind of cetane number improver has been proposed and tested to be used with diesel fuel as                 ameans of reducing exhaust emissions. The addition of (2-ethylhexyl nitrate) was designed to raise fuel cetane number to three stages, 50, 52 and 55 compared to the used conventional diesel fuel whose CN was 48.5. The addition of CN improver results in the decrease brake specific fuel consumption by about 12.55%, and raise brake thermal efficiency to about 9%.

Simultaneously, the emission characteristics of four fuels are determined in a diesel engine. At high loads, a little penalty on CO and HC emissions compared to baseline diesel fuel. NOx emissions of the higher CN fuels are decreased 6%, and CO of these fuels is reduced to about 30.7%. Engine noise reduced with increasing CN to about 10.95%. The results indicate the potential of diesel reformation for clean combustion in diesel engines.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 13 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Radiological risk assessment of fuel fabrication facility at Al- Tuwaitha nuclear site
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The specific activity of 29 soil samples collected from Fuel
Fabrication Facility FFF at AL-Tuwaitha site, 20 km south of
Baghdad were determined using HPGe detector in a low background
configuration, it's relative efficiency of 40%, and resolution of 2keV
for the 1332 keV gamma ray emission of 60Co. The range of activity
concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were between (12.56-31.96),
(10.2-18.4) and (47.47-402.1) Bq/kg respectively. In order to assess
any radiological hazard to human health, the absorbed gamma dose
rate D in air at 1m above the ground surface was calculated in the
range (18.87 to 36.46) nGy/h; the outdoor annual effective dose
equivalent AEDE was evaluated to vary from 0.0039 to 0.0076

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Improvement of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures by Adding Pulverised Fuel Ash as Filler
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Consuming of by-product or waste materials in highway engineering is significant in the construction of new roads and/or in renovations of the existing ones. Pulverised Fuel ash (PFA), which is a by-product material of burning coal in power stations, is one of these materials that might be incorporated instead of mineral filler in hot asphalt mixtures.

Two types of surface course mixtures have been prepared one with conventional mineral filler i.e. ordinary Portland cement (OPC) while the second was with PFA. Several testings have been conducted to indicate the mechanical properties which were Marshall Stability and Indirect Tensile Strength tests. On the other hand, moisture damage and ageing have been evaluated

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Iraqi Al-khwarizmi
Fibrewise Multi-Separation Axioms
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The aim of the research is to apply fibrewise multi-emisssions of the paramount separation axioms of normally topology namely fibrewise multi-T0. spaces, fibrewise multi-T1 spaces, fibrewise multi-R0 spaces, fibrewise multi-Hausdorff spaces, fibrewise multi-functionally Hausdorff spaces, fibrewise multi-regular spaces, fibrewise multi-completely regular spaces, fibrewise multi-normal spaces and fibrewise multi-functionally normal spaces. Also we give many score regarding it.

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Int. J. Nonlinear Anal. Appl.
Fibrewise multi-topological spaces
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We define and study new ideas of fibrewise topological space on D namely fibrewise multi-topological space on D. We also submit the relevance of fibrewise closed and open topological space on D. Also fibrewise multi-locally sliceable and fibrewise multi-locally section able multi-topological space on D. Furthermore, we propose and prove a number of statements about these ideas.

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
EXTENSION ADMINISTRATION PERFORMANCE UNDER QUALITY STANDARDS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE WORKING STAFF IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND VEGETABLES FARMERS OF CENTRAL GOVERNORATES IN IRAQ
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This research aims to identify the level of extension administration performance under comprehensive quality standards from the perspective of the working staff in agricultural extension at the level of the general extension body and agricultural directorates and agricultural division.this was to identify the extension administration performance under comprehensive quality standards from the perspective of vegetables growers , random sample was selected from the central region governorates Baghdad , Diyala , Babel , karbala and Al-Najaf , a random sample from the workers in the general body numbered 56 employee , sample of staff working in agricultural extension was selected at the level of agricultural directorates in proportion

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 25 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Effects of multi- Deposition on the structural and optical properties of CdS nanocrystalline thin film prepared by CBD technique.
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Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystalline thin films have been prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique on commercial glass substrates at 70ºC temperature. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) as a source of cadmium (Cd), thiourea (CS(NH2)2) as a source of sulfur and ammonia solution (NH4OH) were added to maintain the pH value of the solution at 10. The characterization of thin films was carried out through the structural and optical properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. A UV-VIS optical spectroscopy study was carried out to determine the band gap of the nanocrystalline CdS thin film and it showed a blue shift with respect to the bulk value (from 3.9 - 2.4eV). In present w

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 20 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
The Influence of No-Core Fiber Length on the Sensitivity in Fiber Optic Strain Sensor
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The influence of sensing element length of no-core fiber strain sensor has been studied and experimentally demonstrated, four different lengths of 125 μm diameter no-core fiber is fused between two standard single-mode fibers and bi-directionally strained, the highest obtained sensitivity was around 16.37 pm με -1 which was exhibited in the shortest no-core fiber segment, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study of the influence of no-core fiber strain sensors length on sensor sensitivity. The proposed sensor can be used in many opto-mechanical applications such as, structural health monitoring, aerospace vehicles and airplane components monitoring.

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Influence of Ablation Speed on the Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures Via Pulsed Laser Ablation of Asphalt in Ethanol
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Pulsed liquid laser ablation is considered a green method for the synthesis of nanostructures because there are no byproducts formed after the ablation. In this paper, a fiber laser of wavelength 1.064 µm, peak power of 1 mJ, pulse duration of 120 ns, and repetition rate of 20 kHz, was used to produce carbon nanostructures including carbon nanospheres and carbon nanorods from the ablation of asphalt in ethanol at ablation speeds of (100, 75, 50, 10 mm/s).  The morphology, composition and optical properties of the synthesized samples were studied experimentally using FESEM, HRTEM, EDS, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. Results showed that the band gap energy decreased with decreasing the ablation speed (increasing the ablation time), the mi

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
the coincidence lefschetz number for self-maps of lie groups
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Let/. It :0 ---0 G be any two self maps of a compact connected oriented Lie group G. In this paper, for each positive integer k , we associate an integer with fk,hi . We relate this number with Lefschetz coincidence number. We deduce that for any two differentiable maps f, there exists a positive integer k such that k 5.2+1 , and there is a point x C G such that ft (x) = (x) , where A is the rank of G . Introduction Let G be an n-dimensional com -pact connected Lie group with multip-lication p ( .e 44:0 xG--+G such that p ( x , y) = x.y ) and unit e . Let [G, G] be the set of homotopy classes of maps G G . Given two maps f , f G ---• Jollowing [3], we write f. f 'to denote the map G-.Gdefined by 01.11® =A/WO= fiat® ,sea Given a point g

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Performance Evaluation for Higher and Medium Leadership in Institutional Work Quality.
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Abstract:

This Research aims to define role of the system of evaluating the performance for higher leadership in determining the level of institutional work quality in the Ministry of Agriculture, by measuring system efficiency of evaluating the performance for higher leadership and its effect in institutional work quality, the searcher reached through the theoretical framing and involved studies to build default plan define the relation between Research variables formed from system of evaluating leadership performance as independent variable contains six subsidiary dimensions: (Polarization, evaluating the performance of personnel, training, motivation, se

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