Appearance of the Kurdish press in the Kurdish literature was affected by as set of both external and internal factors. The former was realized in the spreading of press and publications especially at the neighboring countries in the second half of the 19^th century. The latter factors, external ones ,were concerned the political situations undergone by the Kurdish people who severely suffered injustice practiced by the Othman authority .All these reasons had driven the educated to migrate to search for more safe places to practice their cultural actions with absolute freedom. Consequently, the first newspaper was issued on 22/4/1898 in Cairo which pointed the birth of the Kurdish press inside and outside Kurdistan region which

Современные исследователи газетного речи много пишу об активном использовании разговорной и даже разговорно-сниженной, жаргонной лексики в общественно-политической публицистике. Это вызвано тем, что «…в силу того контраста, который невольно возникает при соприкосновении разговорных элементов с привычно книжными словами и построениями языка газеты, они были сразу осмыслены как сильное средство созд

During the 1970s, communicative view of language teaching began to be incorporated into syllabus design. The central question for the proponents of this view was: what does the learner want/need to do with the target language? This lead to the emergence of a teaching method (or approach) called communicative language teaching (CLT) during the late 1970s and early 1980s focusing on the functions that must be incorporated into a classroom. According to Brown (2001:43) CLT is a unified but broadly based, theoretically well informed set of tenets about the nature of language and of language learning and teaching. Harmer (2001:84) states that the communicative approach is the name which was given to a set of beliefs which included not only a

The analysis of detective novels has taken different aspects. The linguistic analysis of them, for example, has tackled the linguistic systems of morphology, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. In line with the linguistic analysis, this study explores the various pragmatic and stylistic devices realized through detective novels for the purpose of misdirecting and deceiving the reader. The problem is that when readers try to reach to the truth, they face difficulties. They might not reach to the right solution or infer wrong conclusions because writers use some techniques to hide the truth and mislead them. This study aims at examining these techniques and devices; namely, Grice's Maxims and ambiguity as pragmatic devices on the

Cohesion is well known as the study of the relationships, whether grammatical and/or lexical, between the different elements of a particular text by the use of what are commonly called 'cohesive devices'. These devices bring connectivity and bind a text together. Besides, the nature and the amount of such cohesive devices usually affect the understanding of that text in the sense of making it easier to comprehend.  The present study is intendedto examine the use of grammatical cohesive devicesin relation to narrative techniques. The story of Joseph from the Holy Quran has been selected to be examined by using Halliday and Hasan's Model of Cohesion (1976, 1989). The aim of the study is to comparatively examine to what extent the type

The esophageal morphology of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) was investigated to fillthe dearth of information on the morphology of esophagus from available literature and help inunderstanding its digestive tract biology. The esophagus is under study as musculomembranous tubularshape, it began from oropharyngeal cavity and terminated on the proventriculus. The esophagus wasdivided into three regions are represented by cervical part, crop, and Thoracic part. Internal lining of theesophagus consisted of un-branched straight longitudinal folds The length of the cervical part, crop andthoracic part were 11.5 cm, 3.5 cm, 6 cm respectively.

The semiotic trend of recent monetary trends task that took a wide range of attention of critics and readers alike, especially after the deployment, which accompanied him after widespread acts critic Grimas and powers applicable to the literary texts and is thus expanded its care circle, hence the choice of the novel (absent) woman Iraqi novelist (Mahdi ‘Issa falcon) model to be applied to the study chose to be a semiotic approach through the use of procedural mechanisms for its critical tool (Paris School of semiotics), cash and views of its founder critic Grimas.The research in the introduction and pave came we made it a vision for literary semiotic and its impact trend in cash and cash is and what it desire to clarify some poked suc

The ideas and principles formulated by Ibn-Jamaah in the field of education occupy a central place in the historical origins of education for Muslims. These views and principles have an active role in the educational reorganization that the Islamic world aspires to. These ideas have had a great impact on the educational process that had preceded the opinions of Russo, Pestalutzi, Fruel, Herbert, and Dewey. Moreover, we have seen that the Sheikh of Ibn-Jamaah has taken part in formulating the origins of education and leadership.

The current research aims to provide a philosophical and knowledge framework  to explain the issue of organizations dealing with Paradox phenomena by focusing on five main aspects. The first deals with the concept of paradox, and the second aspect deals with the types of forces paradox. While the third aspect regards subject of the philosophy of paradox in organization theory and the fourth side deals with methods of   solving the paradox. Finally, the last side is exposed to the subject of the paradoxes of the three provided by the study (L

Attitude is an important subject that has attracted researchers and thinkers in organizational theory and organizational behavior because of its great importance in various field studies. Field evidence suggests that individuals in their daily lives or careers respond to specific events through a set of internal tendencies Internal tendencies are negative or positive and systematic. These trends tend to be invisible, not limited to certain boundaries, and involve a significant number of individuals within organizations or society.

 The research aims to identify the impact of trends in the ethics of public service workers for individuals, through a sample of (72) doctors and (60) administrative staff