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Employing Statistical Analysis in Public Relations Researches: (An Analytical Study of the Theses and Dissertations of Public Relations for the Period from 2005 to 2012)
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Public relations are amongst the social sciences that rely on scientific methods in achieving new knowledge or resolving existing problems by means of its scientific researches that are often applied and require a classification in terms of their results’ analysis. It also requires subtle statistical processes whether in constructing their material or in analyzing and interpreting their results.

This research seeks to identify the relation between public relations and statistics, and the significance a researcher or practitioner in the domain of public relations should assign to statistics being one of the important criteria in identifying the accuracy and objectivity of researches;  by answering the main question of this research: “How far has statistical analysis been employed in researches of public relations”; and “Has the implementation of statistical methods been suitable for the requirements of these researches?”.

In order to achieve the objective of this work, the researchers have adopted a descriptive approach by analyzing the content of theses and dissertations of public relations in the College of Mass Communication, Baghdad University, during the period 2005-2012, numbering 82 studies.

The results showed little employment of statistical analysis in researches of public relations, for most researchers have not used it within their researches and limited them to using tabular presentation and frequency distribution. Some statistical methods used in some researches were superfluous which reflected in the increase of statistical tables that have not attained the objective of these researches, in addition to mentioning and explaining some statistical laws and using them incorrectly by most researchers. It appears also that most statistical methods used in public relations researches were the arithmetic mean, standard deviation,

Materiality Concept, Chi square test, the T test, and Pearson correlation coefficient

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 20 2007
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Globalization and the identity of the mental image structure of urban spaces
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This research discusses the subject of identity in the urban environment as it attempts to answer a number of questions that come with the concept of identity. The first of these questions: What is identity? Can a definition or conceptual framework be developed for identity? What about individual, collective, cultural, ethnic, political and regional identity? Is there a definition of identity in the urban environment in particular? If there is a definition of identity, what about social mobility responsible for social change? How can we see identity through this kinetics? Can we assume that identity in the urban environment has a variable structure or is of variable shape with a more stable structure? Can we determine the spatial-tempora

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Mystic love poems in the poetry of Atika Al-Khazraji
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We deal with this essay about religious mystic poetry of Atika Al-
Khazraji. We think she imitates Rabia Al-Adawiyya. We do not deny that our
poetess lived in a conservative society although she lives in reality a liberal
life, so she tries to satisfy her society. In fact these mystic poems are pure
love. Poems in men.
This double standard behavior is quite clear in women’s poems in the
Arab world of this era.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 13 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Photographic Analysis of Macro- Aand Micro-Aesthetic Appearance in a Sample of Iraqi Adults With Class I Normal Occlusion
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ABSTRACT Background: Generally, the facial esthetics depends on the esthetic appearance of the maxillary anterior teeth. The purposes of this study were to analyse the macro-aesthetic appearance of the face and the micro-aesthetic appearance of the maxillary anterior teeth to establish the normative values for class I normal occlusion and to detect possible gender differences. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 120 Iraqi adults (60 males and 60 females) aged (18-23) years. Each individual was clinically examined, then with cephalostat based head position, extraoral and intraoral photographs were taken for each subject. The facial and dental measurements were measured using AutoCad program 2014. Descriptive statistics was obtaine

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Physiological and Hormonal Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Thyroid Function and the Impact on Bodyweight in Male Rats
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Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley albino adult male rats were classified into three main groups each of 18 rats treated for a particular duration (1,2, and 4) weeks respectively. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups each of six rats treated as follows; group (1) serve as normal control, group (2, and 3) intra-peritoneal treated with TiO2NPs (50,200) mg/kg respectively, body *weight of all rats was measured before and after the experiment, then rats were dissected at the end of each experiment and the weights of the thyroid was measured. The result showed a highly significant decrease (p<0.01) in thyroid gland weight, a highly significant increase (p<0.01) in body weights and TSH, while a highly significant decrease (p&

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Trends of journalists and consumers about the phenomenon of food fraud
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Food comes after air and water in terms of importance in the survival of human beings, In addition, it is the support and strength of health and support, if lost or destroyed man would die or get sick and become a heavy burden on himself and his society. Food, like other sources of life, is subject to various risks and corruption comes from countless sources. Among these dangers is the result of spontaneousness, lack of knowledge or compulsion due to the interaction of variables beyond the will of the producer and the consumer, such as pollution of water, air and environment and their reflection on food consumed by people. However, we can’t deny that some reasons of corruption are intentional and resulting from a planning in advance in

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Publication Date
Mon May 01 2017
Journal Name
Ieee International Electrical Machines & Drives Conference Ieee (iemdc2017), Miami, Usa
The effect of power converter on the design of a Linear Alternator for use with a Joule Cycle-Free Piston Engine
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study of the Nuclear Structure of some Neutron Rich Si Isotopes Using Shell Model with Skyrme Interaction
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  Abstract

      The nuclear structure of 28-40Si isotopes toward neutron dripline has been investigated in framework of shell model with Skyrme-Hrtree-Fock method using certain Skyrme parameterizations. Moreover, investigations of static properties such as nuclear densities for proton, neutron, mass, and, charge densities with their corresponding rms radii, neutron skin thicknesses, binding energies, separation energies, shell gap, and pairing gap have been performed using the most recent Skyrme parameterization. The calculated results have been compared with available experimental data to identify which of these parameterizations introduced equivalent results with the ex

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 20 2024
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum
MORPHO-HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PROVENTRICULUS OF EURASIAN MARSH HARRIER CIRCUS AERUGINOSUS (LINNAEUS, (1766 (AVES, ACCIPITRIFORMES, ACCIPITRIDAE)
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The study aimed to describe the anatomical, histological, and histochemical structure of the proventriculuc of adult male Eurasian marsh harrier, Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Accipitriformes, Accipitridae). Six birds were used for this study. The histological sections of proventriculus were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff, and alcain blue. The proventriculus, representing the upper stomach, appeared as a conical structure with a thick wall connecting the caudal end of the thoracic esophagus to the gizzard. It had a light brown color. Microscopic examination revealed that the proventriculus wall consists of the outer tunica serosa, the tunica muscularis, tunica sub mucosa, and the inner tunica mucosa.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW β-LACTAM DERIVATVE FROM SULFADIAZINE DRUG BY MANY STEPS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW β-LACTAM DERIVATVE FROM SULFADIAZINE DRUG BY MANY STEPS
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This research involved synthesis of new β-Lactam derivative from Azo compound[4-amino-N-(pyrimidine-2-yl)-3-(pyrimidine-2-yldiazenyl) benzene sulfonamide] (S1) record previously by many steps. Starting conversion the free amino group in an azo comp. to chloro acetamide derivative(S2), then reacted it with urea to give the oxazole ring  derivative (S3) that which containing free amino group. The condensation reaction between the amino group and P-bromobenzaldehyde to produce Shiff base (B14). Finally staudinger's cyclo addition reaction go run between the Shiff base derivative (B14) and chloro acetyl chloride in the presence of tri ethyl amine (Et3N) as Base catalyst and dioxane a

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 09 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Possible Amelioration of the Severity of Nutritional Steatohepatitis by Guggulsterone in Mice: guggulsterone and steatohepatitis in mice
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, which characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The aim of this designed study is to evaluate the ability of guggulsterone to prevent high fat diet induced steatohepatitis in mice. Five groups of male mice were selected and treated as the following: group I, mice had free access to standard commercial diet and considered as control group, group II, mice were fed a specially formulated high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce non-alcoholic liver disease, while groups III, IV and V the mice were administered high fat diet containing guggulsterone at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm concentration respectively for 12 weeks. Maintaini

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