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The Boundary between Advertisement and Mass Media Overlapping Levels in the Press (The Case of Iraq)
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The advertisement is important in maximizing the resources of journalistic institutions. It helps them to perform their duties and also establishes their independence. However, this type of communication has often overlapped with other types of communication, including media and publicity.

Those in charge of the press bear responsibility in this regard, as some of them harness the advertisement for personal purposes; or detrimental to media content. Many communication authorities have drawn attention to the danger of confusing the concepts and levels of the three activities and have moved towards establishing rules to reduce overlap between them.

The aim of this research is to try to disengage the concept of advertising, media, and propaganda; and to develop a comprehensive vision for each of them to push the newsmen to distance themselves from falling into the trap of misleading readers through the messages contained in each activity; as well as to avoid the misleading pattern in the ads hidden behind the media or convert any of them to a deceptive or ambiguous communication pattern for the public as it might happen using propaganda activity.

As for the choice of the situation in Iraq, the research considers that such situation has a specificity that requires study from the perspective of its transition from the era of media power or the central experience in the management of media to uncontrolled openness of frameless laws, especially after the stormy change that took place on April 2003.

The research believes that the overlap between the three levels of communication seemed deeper and broader, which requires scientific treatment to help those involved in communication; or those involved in press sector, to qualify themselves so that there is no direct threat to their profession or a danger facing the greatness of the message they perform as a result of the lack of boundaries between advertising, media, and publicity .

The research monitored through studying the case of Iraq that the levels mentioned are not clear in terms of function and concept in the minds of some of those involved in communication. Such a situation requires some work of rehabilitation concerning their field. The study, moreover, found that some forces of political and economic finance intervene in order to influence the press through a kind of propaganda paid to threaten the press distracting it from its professional ethics.

The study sees that some governmental institutions perform a pressure on newspapers to drive them to shine their image or to wage a media war against the newspapers that refuse to submit to such reason.

Some private sectors, moreover, intend, deliberately, to adopt selectivity in distributing the advertisements under pressure, or allegations of third parties with what contradicts the standards of publishing.

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 05 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Measures of the British Force in Iraq and their managements to limitate the pread of Malaria among its troops (Documentary Study)
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Historical scripts and Academic studies have bestrewed almost all the events of the movement of march 1941 . Yet the need was present to shine more light on important sides . These important sides were neglected due to some reasons among which came the absence of the historical material which can make a new historical detection. Then there were historical topics concerning our research which comes within context of sanitarily conditions , rarely seizes the attention of the researchers for many reasons some of them were not subjective.
The spread of Malaria among the British force was one of the sanitarily conditions that were related to the movement of march since their arrival to Basra city and its continuous spread after the second

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Publication Date
Sun May 10 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Lack of Association between LCS6 Variant in KRAS Gene with the Occurrence of Breast Tumors in Iraqi Women
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Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and remains one of the main reasons of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. KRAS variant rs61764370 (T>G) is associated with an increased risk of occurrence of many cancers, Here The case-control study was accomplished on 135 women including 45 women with breast cancer patients, 45 women with benign breast lesions and 45 healthy women to analyze the association of KRAS variant rs (61764370 T>G) with breast cancer. LCS 6 variant in KRAS gene was amplified by using specific primers, then genotype was detected after sequencing the PCR products. The results showed that the genotype and allele frequency of TT and GT allele of  KRAS

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Affect of Financial Development on Poverty in Iraq for the Period 1980-2010
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There are many applied Economic studies that have found positive nexus between financial development and poverty reduction in developing countries. Iraq has witnessed an increasing rate of poverty during the period 1980-2010 due to many internal and external factors such as wars, economic sanctions, inflation, a high rate of unemployment, and political and security instability. Therefore, the investigation about the solutions to reduce poverty becomes very necessary, and enhancing the financial development in Iraq is one of these options. This is due to that the financial development could reduce the poverty rates through two channels: the first is direct via the offering of the loans and other financial facilities to the poor, a

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
Indicators Trends Of Populaion Structure Composition In Iraq And Their Relationship With Dependency Rates For The Period (1986-2010).: Indicators Trends Of Populaion Structure Composition In Iraq And Their Relationship With Dependency Rates For The Period (1986-2010).
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Iraq within the ranks of the fledgling communities characterized by a broad base of the population pyramid, because they pose the age group (under 15 years) of a large proportion of the community, as it exceeded the proportion (40%) during the years of research extended (1986-2010) Despite the relative decline in the rates fertility during that period, but the proportion of young people remained high, especially for groups of at least five years, amounting to about 14% in 2012, a little more than the proportion of what constitutes age group (5-9 above) years, where it was (13%) and this naturally predicts continuing population increases in coming decades, due to the entry of those numbers of individuals in the reproductive stage,

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 07 2021
Journal Name
مجلة دراسات تربوية
Spatial variation of students in secondary school in Iraq for the 2006- 2011 period
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The research, whose goal was to study students' failure in secondary school in Iraq, found that 50% of the Iraqi governorates achieved the lowest student failure rates, and Baghdad governorate had the highest percentage of repeaters. And that half of the provinces in Iraq have males constitute 70% of the repeaters, and failure in the exam represented 79.7% of the reasons for failure, and that half of the students who failed are confined to the first and third intermediate grades at a rate of 51.9% , and the research revealed that the security instability was the most influential factor in Students fai

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 25 2019
Journal Name
Al-academy
Digital Image Visual Communication in Internal Virtual Spaces between the Graphic Design and the Internal Design: وسام حسن هاشم - رغد منذر احمد
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The digital revolution had greatly affected the methods through which we communicate, starting from the basic concepts of the internet technology and the web content in addition to the important issues that concern the culture of the digital media, the internet governance and the variation in the digital age in general and the graphic and internal design in particular.
This research addresses an important topic that goes along with the scientific development in the field of the digital design, especially in the internal and graphic designs. This study consists of two sections: the first includes the problem of the study and the need for it. Starting from the problem of the research, there is no clear perception of the formal characte

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 02 2022
Journal Name
Muthanna Journal For Admisrative And Economic Sciences
MEASURING AND ANALYSING THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL TERMS OF TRADE AND SOME AGRICULTURAL VARIABLES IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD 1990-2019
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The research aims to investigate the existence of a direct causal relationship between selected agricultural variables: agricultural output (as a representative of growth in the agricultural sector), agricultural terms of trade as a completely new variable in agricultural studies in recent years, agricultural labour which is an important part in the total workforce for Iraq, and finally, agricultural investment because of its importance and vital role in the production process, creating job opportunities, and then raising the level of employment, then it's role to achieving agricultural growth and development. For this purpose, the researchers used the Toda-Yamamoto causality methodology for a time series covering from 1990 to 2019. The res

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of higher Education Institutes in restricting Administrative and Financial Corruption: An Analytic Reading
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Corruption, in all its categories and forms, is regarded as the nowadays virus which has greatly spread in most institutes and society, a matter that cause a great waste of resources.

      According to the reports of international transparency Institute, Iraq is regarded as one of the greatest countries in corruption.

      Regardless of the reasons and forms of corruption, the retreat in work – values and ethics are the main reasons behind that.

      Being the main source of providing qualified staff "educators" for the working market, the high education institutes face great challenges in standing against corruption inside and outside

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2007
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison Between Ordinary Method and Robust Method to estimate the Parameters of the Univariate Mixed Model with Low Order
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A condense study was done to compare between the ordinary estimators. In particular the maximum likelihood estimator and the robust estimator, to estimate the parameters of the mixed model of order one, namely ARMA(1,1) model.

Simulation study was done for a varieties the model.  using: small, moderate and large sample sizes, were some new results were obtained. MAPE was used as a statistical criterion for comparison.

 

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Nation-Building in The Fragile States: Iraq After 2003 as a Model
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The nation-building process in fragile states is complex, often involving multifaceted challenges and opportunities. A pertinent example is Iraq post-2003, which serves as a model to study the intricacies of rebuilding a nation in the aftermath of conflict. During this period, we witnessed a significant international intervention aimed at establishing democratic governance, fostering economic development, and restoring social stability. Iraq’s nation-building journey showcases both successes and shortcomings. Establishing a representative government marked a step towards inclusivity and political participation, yet sectarian tensions persisted, hindering cohesive national identity. Economic initiatives aimed to harness Iraq's oil resou

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