Nanofluids are proven to be efficient agents for wettability alteration in subsurface applications including enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Nanofluids can also be used for CO2-storage applications where the CO2-wet rocks can be rendered strongly water-wet, however no attention has been given to this aspect in the past. Thus in this work we presents contact angle (θ) measurements for CO2/brine/calcite system as function of pressure (0.1 MPa, 5 MPa, 10 MPa, 15 MPa, and 20 MPa), temperature (23 °C, 50 °C and 70 °C), and salinity (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% NaCl) before and after nano-treatment to address the wettability alteration efficiency. Moreover, the effect of treatment pressure and temperature, treatment fluid concentration (SiO2 wt%) and the period of nano-treatment on the wettability of calcite is examined. We find that nano-treatment alters the wettability significantly i.e. intermediate-wet calcite turns strongly water-wet after treatment (e.g. at 20 MPa and 50 °C, θ = 64° for intermediate-wet calcite, and θ = 28° for nano-treated calcite). Consequently, pre-injection of nanofluids will significantly enhanced the storage potential. It was also found that the permanent shift in wettability after nano-treatment is a function of treatment conditions including temperature, pressure, and treatment duration time and that surfaces treated under high pressure and low temperature yield better wettability alteration efficiency. We point out that the change in wettability is attributed to the changes in surface properties of the nano-treated sample. The results of the study thus depict that nanoparticles can significantly enhance storage potential and de-risk storage projects.
One of the main causes for concern is the widespread presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, which may be harmful to living things. They are often referred to as emerging chemical pollutants in water bodies because they are either still unregulated or undergoing regulation. Pharmaceutical pollution of the environment may have detrimental effects on ecosystem viability, human health, and water quality. In this study, the amount of remaining pharmaceutical compounds in environmental waters was determined using a straightforward review. Pharmaceutical production and consumption have increased due to medical advancements, leading to concerns about their environmental impact and potential harm to living things due to their increa
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Objective(s): To determine the impact of Chemotherapy upon the quality of life for patients with chronic myeloid
leukemia in Baghdad city.
Methodology: A descriptive study design was carried out The study was initiated from 30 January 2011 to October
2011.A purposive (non–probability) sample consisted of (130) patients with a chronic myeloid leukemia ,Who
attended to Baghdad Teaching Hospital and National Center for Research and Treatment of Hematology. The
sample criteria was the patients who were 18 years old and above, excluding the patients who suffered from
psychological problems and other chronic illnesses .A questionnaire was adopted and developed from European
Organization Research and treatment of Can
An innovative two-step noncatalytic esterifcation technique was proposed to synthesize alkyl esters from free fatty acids simulated in waste cooking oil, as a pretreatment process for biodiesel production, without adding any catalyst under normal conditions of pressure and temperature. The efect of methanol:oil molar ratio, reaction time, mixing rate, and reaction temperature were investigated. The results confrmed that the conversion of the reaction was increased when increasing the methanol molar ratio and decreased in prolonged reaction temperature. High conversion (94.545%) was successfully achieved at optimized conditions of 115:1, 65:1 methanol:oil molar ratio in the frst step and second step, respectively, other conditions i
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This paper presents new modification of HPM to solve system of 3 rd order PDEs with initial condition, for finding suitable accurate solutions in a wider domain.
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Methods of estimating statistical distribution have attracted many researchers when it comes to fitting a specific distribution to data. However, when the data belong to more than one component, a popular distribution cannot be fitted to such data. To tackle this issue, mixture models are fitted by choosing the correct number of components that represent the data. This can be obvious in lifetime processes that are involved in a wide range of engineering applications as well as biological systems. In this paper, we introduce an application of estimating a finite mixture of Inverse Rayleigh distribution by the use of the Bayesian framework when considering the model as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We employed the Gibbs sampler and
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The role of relaxation program for reducing anxiety of patients in dental clinic
irrigation use at many stations along the Euphrates River inside the Iraqi lands and to try to correlate the results with the satellite image analyses for the purpose of making a colored model for the Euphrates that can be used to predict the quality classifications of the river for irrigation use at any point along the river. The Bhargava method was used to calculate the water quality index for irrigation use at sixteen stations along the river from its entrance to the Iraqi land at Al-Qaim in Anbar governorate to its union with the Tigris River at Qurna in Basrah governorate. Coordinates of the sixteen stations of the Euphrates River were projected at the mosaic of Iraq satellite image which was taken from LANDSAT satellite for bands 1, 2
... Show MoreThis paper presents L1-adaptive controller for controlling uncertain parameters and time-varying unknown parameters to control the position of a DC servomotor. For the purpose of comparison, the effectiveness of L1-adaptive controller for position control of studied servomotor has been examined and compared with another adaptive controller; Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC). Robustness of both L1-adaptive controller and model reference adaptive controller to different input reference signals and different structures of uncertainty were studied. Three different types of input signals are taken into account; ramp, step and sinusoidal. The L1-adaptive controller ensured uniformly bounded
... Show MoreObjectives: To determine the (QoL) for patients with permanent pacemaker and to find-out the relationship between
these patients’ (QoL) and their sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, level of education, and
occupation.
Methodology: ٨ purposive non-probability” sample of (62) patient with permanent pacemaker was involved in this
study. The developed questionnaire consists of (4) parts which include !.demographic data form, 2.disease-related
information form, 3.socioeconomic data form, and 4.Permanent pacemaker patient’s quality of life questionnaire data
form. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined through the application of a pilot study. ٨
descriptive statistical a