Two field experiments were conducted during the spring seasons of 2000,2001.The aim was to study the effect of hardening to drought tolerance on moisture percentage in root and stem of sunflower plant during growth stages . Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications.The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available soil water.The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments :Control(unsoaked),soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water

The study was conducted during spring seasons of 2000 and 2001.The aim was to study the changes in the moisture content of sunflower plants during growth stages under hardening conditions to drought tolerance .Agricultural practices were made according to recommendation. Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications. The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available water. The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments: Control (unsoaked), soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained t

     The main goal of this study was to assess the climatic parameters in a valuable basin in northern part of Iraq, Erbil central sub-basin. Rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, evaporation, sunshine duration, and wind speed are the climate variables used in this study. The investigated periods (1980-2021) of Erbil meteorological data were used to assess the climatic and drought conditions in the studied basin. The results show a noticeable drop in relative humidity and rainfall over the past two decades, as well as a considerable rise in temperature and evaporation. The mean annual rainfall was 416mm, relative humidity is 48.74% used as term of water availability, and mean annual temperature is 22°C, total an

     This investigation aims to determine whether it is feasible to use the limestone rocks found in the Al-Samawa stone quarry in southern Iraq as the stationary phase in column chromatography separation. Together with the chromatographic application, the physical and chemical characteristics of the rocks are examined. SiO₂, SO₄, PO₄, NO₃, and Cl are the negative ions, while Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Li are the positive ions. The limestone samples are characterized via chromatographic analysis. The results suggest that limestone samples could be used as an adsorbent material for chromatographic separation techniques. Additionally, samples from the Nasiriyah refinery's crude oil can be used to sep

     This research is focused on an interpretive of 2D seismic data to study is reinterpreting seismic data by applying sufficient software (Petrel 2017) of the area between Al-Razzazah Lake and the Euphrates river belonging to Karbala'a and Al-Anbar Governorates, central Iraq. The delineation of the sub-surface structural features and evaluation of the structure of Najmah and Zubair Formations was done. The structure interpretation showed that the studied area was affected by normal fault bearing (NW-SE) direction with a small displacement. In contrast, time and depth maps showed monocline structures (nose structures) located in the western part of the studied area.

 The aim of this work  is to evaluate concentrations of  natural and artificial radionuclide  in nine different samples of condiments from local markets.     The concentrations of 238 U , 232 Th ,40k  and 137Cs  were measured by using gamma spectroscopy with a high- purity germanium detector. The concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th ,40k  and 137Cs   were found to be in a range of  (21.4 - 91.13), (15.7 - 88.11) , (285.56 – 1100) and (5.1 - 27.5) Bq.kg-1  respectively. These concentrations are not hazardous to public health and the activities are within the allowed  levels

To identify the fungi associated with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms), an aquatic weed, which presents in Tigris river from Baghdad south ward. Five regions from middle and south of Iraq (Al-Noumanya, Saeid Bin-Jubier, Al-Azizia, Al-Reyfay and Al-Hay) were selected for this study. Twelve fungal species were isolated. Alternaria alternata, Acremonium sp and Cladsporium herbarum, were the most frequently species (91.66 % ,50 % and 25 %) respectively. The fungi Alternaria alternata, Acremonium sp. and Phoma eupyrena were more aggressive to water hyacinth as (91.66%,83,33%, and 75%) in pathogenicity test.

Water quality has become an important requirement in recent years, assumed the enormous pressure on water resources. As a result of the rapid population growth and climate change. Seven sampling stations were chosen along the river, specifically near the important cities. After analyzing the water samples, it was found that pH values range from (7.1 to 7.5). The values of total dissolved ions ranged from (730 to 1390) mg/l. It was found that the sodium percentage in the river water samples ranged from (36.8 to 51.3), which is acceptable for irrigation purposes. The water content of magnesium hazard ranges from (45.1 to 48.6), it is within the permissible limits for watering purposes. The residual sodium amounts range from (-4.01 to -2.86