Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have gained much attention as biodegradable polymers, many efforts are being made to minimize the cost of PHAs by finding cheap carbon source depending on the type of microorganism and fermentation conditions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of different glucose concentrations and other important conditions on the PHA production by Bacillus cereus isolated from soil. Polyhydroxyalkanoates PHAs accumulated by soil microorganisms were examined by screening the isolated bacteria using Sudan B Black and Nile Blue staining process. A Gram positive strain was identified using the 16s rRNA gene, deposited in the NCBI GenBank sequence database. Different growth conditions (favorite glucose concentrations 1-8 % (w/v), temperatures and pH) were tested and the growth parameters (sugar consumption, cell counting and Cell Dry Weight CDW) were studied. The extracted polymers were analyzed and characterized using an FTIR spectrophotometer followed by a GC-MS analysis. The pure bacterial strain isolated from soil was deposited in the NCBI GenBank database B. cereus strain ARY73, which showed significant black colored granules (or dark blue) using Sudan B Black stain, it also showed positive to Nile blue A as a high indicator stain for PHA accumulation. B. cereus ARY73 showed high production of PHA using (w/v): 2% glucose and 1% nitrogen source at 35 °C and pH7 yields 79% per Cell Dry Weight and 96 h of incubation. The extracted polymers were analyzed and characterized using an FTIR spectrophotometer confirming the PHA structure. The FTIR spectrophotometer, followed by a GC-MS analysis indicated the Scl-co-mcl PHA structure. This research demonstrates that the isolated strain B. cereus ARY73 was a good candidate for PHA production with a better quality for use in biomedical and other applications. The use of biopolymer in soil, enhanced the accumulation of the microorganisms (such as bacteria) capable of degrading biopolymer or biodegradation by-products yields by other species which were isolated in this
This paper suggest two method of recognition, these methods depend on the extraction of the feature of the principle component analysis when applied on the wavelet domain(multi-wavelet). First method, an idea of increasing the space of recognition, through calculating the eigenstructure of the diagonal sub-image details at five depths of wavelet transform is introduced. The effective eigen range selected here represent the base for image recognition. In second method, an idea of obtaining invariant wavelet space at all projections is presented. A new recursive from that represents invariant space of representing any image resolutions obtained from wavelet transform is adopted. In this way, all the major problems that effect the image and
... Show MoreIn this article, we introduced a new concept of mappings called δZA - Quasi contractive mapping and we study the K*- iteration process for approximation of fixed points, and we proved that this iteration process is faster than the existing leading iteration processes like Noor iteration process, CR -iteration process, SP and Karahan Two- step iteration process for 𝛿𝒵𝒜 − quasi contraction mappings. We supported our analytic proof by a numerical example.
Clarity and Visual Ratios of the Vibrant Place Making
There is substantial data supporting the importance of both endogenous and exogenous estrogen in maintaining reproductive health and preventing chronic disease, androgens in women's health are rarely discussed. This is one of the first researches to investigate correlates of blood testosterone concentrations in women with osteopenia, in anticipation of the growing interest in the role of androgens in women's health. A 65 volunteer women were enrolled in the current study, they were divided into two groups, 35 postmenopausal women with osteopenia were in the first group, and the second group contained 30 postmenopausal women without osteopenia as a control. Blood samples were collected from all participants and analyzed for testosterone l
... Show MoreThe species Spongilla lacustris was identified for the first time in Iraq, it was found during winter 1998 in an irrigation canal within the campus of the University of Baghdad (Jadiriah), water is drawn from Tigris river. The specimens were found in water samples of sizes ranging between 5-50 cm with yellowish color . It was found in two habitats , one as attached on submerged aquatic plant Ceratophyllum sp., and the other on the canal bottom (concret material). Some physico- chemical characters were determined including conductivity ,salinity , pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, Ca ,Mg ,anddissolved oxygen. Water quality was fresh , alkaline, hard and well aerated.
The concept of insurance policy is one of the concepts that expresses a way to face the risks that a person is exposed to in the field of his life. It is a system that involves a prior agreement between two parties through which the risk is transferred from the second party (the insured) to the first party (the insurer) in return for paying an amount Calculated was able to cover the potential loss according to certain percentages agreed upon between the two parties, and that the main goal of any scientific analysis of the risk is to choose the most appropriate policy or method to confront it, by identifying the risks and ways to address them, and the main goal is to reduce losses and limit the possibility of their occurrence.
In
... Show MoreThis research examines the phenomenon of the Arabic language repeated in the Qur'an and poetry, as some morphological formulas are valid in their uses and indications in more than one way. search).
this paper give a proof of known conditions for the existence of peridic conincidence points of continuius maps using lindemann theotem on transcendental numbers
The problem of the study is concerned with the work of The Iraqi Airways Company in political, economic, and social environment that suffers instability for many years. This has its negative outcomes regarding its decisions of providing services to its markets and customers as a result of the orientations, behavior, and marketing values the company management adopted. The aim of this study is to investigate the marketing philosophy adopted by the management and to identify the extent it suits the materialistic and the human capacities of the company and its current environmental circumstances within the marketing culture common to the thoughts and behaviors of the management and their employees. And in order to achiev
... Show MoreThe research aims to identify the reasons that lead to asymmetry of information between economic unity administration and the parties that use accounting information such as shareholders, So, the ability to reach to the solutions that would reduce this problem, these factors have been divided into two types: the first one is the internal factors which represent the administration's desire in order to expand the self-interest of getting the profits and increase the value and competitive entity and investors to obtaining greater returns for their shares, so the second type is the external factors, which represent the failer that occurs in the laws and regula
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