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Gentamicin Upregulates the Gene Expression of hla and nuc in Staphylococcus aureus
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The current study aimed to detect the effect of gentamicin stress on the expression of hla (encodes hemolysin) and nuc (encodes nuclease) genes of Staphylococcus aureus. Fifty-eight isolates identified as S. aureus were isolated locally from different clinical specimens. Disk diffusion method was used to detect the resistance to S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin was estimated by broth microdilution method. hla and nuc genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction technique. The biofilm was evaluated using the microtiter plate method in the presence and absence of gentamicin at sub-MIC. The results showed that 18 (31%) and 40 (69%) S. aureus isolates were sensitive and resistant to gentamicin, respectively. All S. aureus isolates succeeded in forming biofilm. However, eight (13.79%), 28 (48.28%) and 22 (37.93%) isolates produced weak, moderate and strong biofilms respectively. In most isolates, gentamicin at sub-MIC decreased biofilm intensity. Due to gentamicin stress, the hla and nuc genes were upregulated in S. aureus biofilm.

Publication Date
Thu Sep 05 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Ecohumanism
Early Warning System Means and Tools in the African Union and the Organization of American States: An Analytical Study
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Disasters, crises and wars are a serious and unforeseen threat. The capacity of the early warning system to monitor such crises is therefore crucial. The ability to make quick decisions in a short time is necessary to prevent crises from occurring. Here, the role and effectiveness of the early warning system emerges through its ability to monitor, record and analyze signals. It can also be evidenced by its ability to immediately convey these indicators to the concerned authorities to take measures that ensure these conflicts and disasters do not worsen. The system’s ability to detect disasters and crises, identify the crisis and its type, and use the scientific method and common sense to deal with it is something that contributes to findi

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Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Agbioforum
The Role of the Digital Economy, Business Synergy, and Trade Policies on Global Economic Prosperity in India and China
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The necessity of addressing global economic prosperity has garnered significant attention from recent studies and policymakers. This article analyses the effects of the digital economy, business synergies, and trade policies on the economic prosperity of China and India. The study examines the impact of political support on the digital economy, business synergies, trade policies, and global economic prosperity in China and India. The study collects data from prominent economists in India and China using questionnaires. The article utilised the SPSS-AMOS software to analyse the relationship between variables. The results showed that the digital economy, business synergies, and trade policies are positively linked to global economic prosperit

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Scopus
Publication Date
Sat Sep 20 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effects of bisphosphonate administration on teeth development and growth of the jaw bones in neonatal rats (histological and immunohistochemical study)
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Background: Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption and widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis, and osteogenesis imperfecta in children. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that Bisphosphonates delay or inhibit tooth eruption. This study tries to focus on the effect of bisphosphonate on teeth development and jaw bones growth. Materials and methods: The present study includes 65 neonatal rats during lactation period from 15 Albino Wister rats mother. Alendronate (one type of Bisphosphonates) was administrated orally (15 mg/kg) into 10 pregnant rats two times a week, while other 5 rats regard as control. Then the neonatal rats sacrificed in I, 6, 11, 16 and 21 days. The lower first molar we

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of African Earth Sciences
Lithofacies types, mineralogical assemblages and depositional model of the Maastrichtian–Danian successions in the Western Desert of Iraq and eastern Jordan
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An integrated lithofacies and mineralogical assemblage was used to describe a depositional model and sequence stratigraphic framework of the Maastrichtian–Danian succession in the Western Desert of Iraq and eastern Jordan. Fifteen lithofacies types were grouped into three associations recognized in a distally steepened ramp characterized by an apparent, distinct increase in a gradient paleobathymetric deepening westward. The clay and nonclay minerals are dominated by smectite and palygorskite, with trace amounts of kaolinite, sepiolite, illite and chlorite. Meanwhile, quartz, calcite, dolomite, opal CT (Cristobalite - Tridymite), and apatite are the main nonclay minerals. The widely dominated smectite in the Western Phosphatic Basin of Ir

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 30 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Al-farabi For Humanity Sciences (jfhs)
Colonialism and Anticolonialism in English Fiction: A Study of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and H. G. Wells’ The Country of the Blind
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Colonialism as a movement was very popular in Europe more than two centuries before. It aimed at controlling and exploiting several countries in Africa and Asia in addition to imposing their power and control on uninhabited islands. It received adherence and criticism as well. There also appeared activists and nations who stood against it and its practices. English novels discussed this notion greatly by pointing out the bad practices of the colonizers and how the colonized received them. This paper explores two narrative fictions that tackle the different aspects of the term. While Defoe, in Robinson Crusoe (1719), shows a colonial European figure who expresses his superiority, Wells, in “The Country of the Blind” (1904), deconstructs

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
ANALYSIS OF THE DISPARITY BETWEEN THE ESTIMATED BUDGET AND THE CURRENT BUDGET IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD )2006-2016(
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The general budget is usually linked to the role of the state in public life and economic activity, whether this role is neutral or interventionist and thus reflects the general objectives that the state seeks to achieve.

for importance of  the public budget in clarifying the image of the political state philosophy and its objectives it seeks to achieve on the one hand and clarifying the degree and rank it occupies in the ladder of development among the other countries. This study is intended to highlight the concepts of the general budget and how its concept has evolved since the Middle Ages. Of the importance of the general budget in Iraq was not based on scientific and objective and then the study

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The effect of using active learning model in the achievement of fourth -grade material in the de partment of physics teaching aids students and the development then critical thinking
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Goal  of  research  is  to  investigate  the  impact  of the  use  of  effective  learning  model in the  collection  of  the  fourth  grade  students/Department of  physics in the material  educational methods  and the  development  of  critical thinking  .to teach  this goal  has  been  formulated  hypothesis cefereeten zero  subsidiary  of the second hypothesis  .To  investigate  the  research  hypothesis  were  selected  sample  of  fourth-grade  students of the  department  of physics at the univers

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis of the indicators of the educational process and scientific levelUsing the analysis of variance of ordered data in repeated measurements
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In this research want to make analysis for some indicators and it's classifications that related with the teaching process and the            scientific level for graduate studies in the university by using analysis of variance for ranked data for repeated measurements instead of the ordinary analysis of variance . We reach many conclusions  for the                         

important classifications for each indicator that has affected on   the teaching process.         &nb

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Jun 14 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Employment educational and artistic style of fiction in the textbook materials
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Find goal to detect educational and technical staffing of style fiction in book reading school materials so determine the current research on the specific book reading in fourth grade of primary for the academic year 2014 issued by the Ministry of Education / Republic Iraq stories. Come in the importance of research to draw attention to the best of these stories and strengthened, and the negative deny it and claim his deportation in order to protect the thought of the learner, and the study may contribute to the development of some frameworks to write a story appropriate for elementary school. This McCann within the first chapter The second chapter included the theoretical framework has been contained on two main sections included the co

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Federated states of monks in the holy Quran (Study and analysis)
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Thank God also taught us that thanks . thank meets the blessings and rewards mazidk glory we have no knowledge except what you have taught you Alim hakim , not counted praise you as yourself praised and pray and to recognize the envoy mercy to the worlds , prophet Mohammed and his family and companions and guided to the day of judgment .
But after :
Aware of the interpretation of the most important science needed by Muslims because God Almighty sent down the Quraan to be a way of the life for Muslims is subject to a healing for what is in the breasts and it slaham and flaham and has spared the nation from crisisThe stats of the monks , like other verses talking about Christians and Jews and what they have invented in the religion o

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