Abstract-Servo motors are important parts of industry automation due to their several advantages such as cost and energy efficiency, simple design, and flexibility. However, the position control of the servo motor is a difficult task because of different factors of external disturbances, nonlinearities, and uncertainties. To tackle these challenges, an adaptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) is proposed, in which a novel bidirectional adaptive law is constructed to reduce the control chattering. The proposed control has three steps to be designed. Firstly, a full-order integral sliding manifold is designed to improve the servo motor position tracking performance, in which the reaching phase is eliminated to achieve the invariance of the ISMC in the motor system response. Secondly, the bidirectional adaptive law of the switching gain is proposed to mitigate the chattering. In the proposed bidirectional adaptive law, the switching gain varies depending on the system uncertainties, providing the high switching gain initially and then moving to the lowest value when sliding mode is achieved. As a result, not only the overestimation issues of monotonically adaptive law are resolved, but also the prior information of the disturbance upper bound is no longer required. Thirdly, by using the Lyapunov theorem, the stability of the controlled servo system is mathematically proved. Finally, simulation tests are conducted to confirm the superiority of tracking and robustness of the proposed control algorithm over existing control algorithms in terms of position-tracking responses and chattering reduction.
The aim of this study was to measure the effectiveness of a proposed program to develop the creative abilities of the students of Tabuk University and its impact on the creative output of the NEOM project. The sample of the study consisted of (50) university students divided into two groups: an experimental group of 25 students who receive the proposed training program, and control group of (25) students.
To achieve these objectives, the researcher designed and developed tools to collect the required data, which were verified their validity and reliability.
The descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviations, correlation coefficient, T test for the associated sample were used in the analysis of the results of th
... Show MoreAbstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular diabetic complication. As inflammation plays a vital role in the development and progress of DN the macrophages migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory multifunctional cytokine approved to play a critical function in inflammatory responses in various pathologic situations like DN. This study aimed To assess serum levels of MIF in a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients with nephropathy supporting its validity as a marker for predicting nephropathy in T2DM patients. In addition, to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in terms of their influence on MIF levels. This is a case-control study involving ninety
... Show MoreAn electrochemical sensor based on an amino-functionalized iron NH2-MIL-101(Fe) metal-organic framework (MOF)/Pd nanoparticles (NPs) composite-modified screen-printed electrode (SPE) is prepared for the simultaneous determination of norepinephrine (NEPI) and acetaminophen (ACP). The NH2-MIL-101(Fe) MOF/Pd NPs/SPE electrochemical sensor shows a significant enhancement in the response peak current of NEPI, as compared to bare SPE. This suggests that the unique features of NH2-MIL-101(Fe) MOF/Pd NPs composite-modified SPE improve the electrocatalytic oxidation of NEPI. Such a synergistic effect between NH2-MIL-101(Fe) MOF and Pd NPs results in a significant enhancement in the response, where the MOF's high surface area co
... Show MoreThe challenges facing today's multi-customer and this is due to the multiplicity of products and speed in launching new products so search came to reveal the reveal the of the new product classification standards through a relationship (good products, low interest products, useful products and products desired) and the customer emotionally blackmail through deportation (fear, obligation and guilt). dentified the problem of the research in several questions focused on the nature of the relationship between the variables of research, and for that outline supposedly to search it expresses the head of one hypothesis and branched out of which four hypotheses subset, but in order to ensure the validity of the ass
... Show MoreThe subject of the information technology system ( ITS ) of the important issues And contemporary thought in management, and various types of organizations seeking to apply and try to
... Show MoreStudy of Direct Marketing techniques and determining the scope of the suitability of each of them in the application in the Iraqi market - An analytical and explorative study for sample of views for wholesaler in Baghdad. The essential idea of the research is to go into the most important concepts which have been mentioned in the direct marketing and determining its current and most important techniques and knowing the scope of applying these techniques in Baghdad main markets (Karrada, Jamilah, shorja, Baya area, zeyouna and new Baghdad) and which of those techniques most applicable in these markets. The research took a sample of (100) wholesalers who practice the activities of selling nutritional items, auto and outs spare part
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The research aims to identify how to audit potential liabilities and contingent liabilities in light of the pandemic and its reflection on the auditor's report. The research problem is represented by the complexity of the process of checking potential liabilities and contingent liabilities in insurance companies, which was negatively reflected in the auditor's neutral technical opinion. The researchers hypothesize that auditing potential liabilities and contingent liabilities in light of the Corona pandemic is positively reflected in the auditor's report. The research concludes that the process of checking potential liabilities and contingent liabilities is
... Show MoreThis piece of research work aims to study one of the most difficult reaction and determination due to continuous and rapid variation of reaction products and the reactants. As molybdenum (VI) aid in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium of ammomia, thus means a continuous liberation of oxygen which cuases and in a continuous manner a distraction in the measurement process. On this basis pyrogallol was used to absorbe all liberated oxygen and the result is an a clean undisturbed signals. Molybdenum (VI) was determined in the range of 4-100 ?g.ml-1 with percentage linearity of 99.8% or (4-300 ?g.ml-1 with 94.4%) while L.O.D. was 3.5 ?g.ml-1. Interferring ions (cations and anions) were studied and their main effect was red
... Show MoreWhen searching for an answer to the following question: What are the reasons for the reluctance of female physical education teachers in secondary schools to referee sports competitions according to the variable of years of service? It was found that the research aimed to reveal the differences between the opinions of the research sample of physical education teachers in secondary schools (girls) about refereeing sports competitions according to the variable of years of service. To achieve the research goal, it is assumed that there are significant differences between the average opinions of the research sample of female teachers and their reluctance and the reasons for the differences in the practice of refereeing sports competitions accor
... Show MoreThe research aimed to prepare a measure of the importance of enlightenment, academic education, and applied skills for third-stage female students, including teaching methods from their point of view/College of Education and Sports Sciences/University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriyah. The researchers used descriptive description in the comprehensive research procedures, an appropriate methodology in achieving the research objectives, sufficient for interpretations, how important is the academic teacher’s knowledge of teaching methods for student learning, what are the roles that the learners have acquired from the academic teacher. The scale of importance and horror consists of 15 items. The research population includes female students of t
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