Abstract-Servo motors are important parts of industry automation due to their several advantages such as cost and energy efficiency, simple design, and flexibility. However, the position control of the servo motor is a difficult task because of different factors of external disturbances, nonlinearities, and uncertainties. To tackle these challenges, an adaptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) is proposed, in which a novel bidirectional adaptive law is constructed to reduce the control chattering. The proposed control has three steps to be designed. Firstly, a full-order integral sliding manifold is designed to improve the servo motor position tracking performance, in which the reaching phase is eliminated to achieve the invariance of the ISMC in the motor system response. Secondly, the bidirectional adaptive law of the switching gain is proposed to mitigate the chattering. In the proposed bidirectional adaptive law, the switching gain varies depending on the system uncertainties, providing the high switching gain initially and then moving to the lowest value when sliding mode is achieved. As a result, not only the overestimation issues of monotonically adaptive law are resolved, but also the prior information of the disturbance upper bound is no longer required. Thirdly, by using the Lyapunov theorem, the stability of the controlled servo system is mathematically proved. Finally, simulation tests are conducted to confirm the superiority of tracking and robustness of the proposed control algorithm over existing control algorithms in terms of position-tracking responses and chattering reduction.
Laboratory and field experiment were conducted at MustansiryahUniversity in 2010 to investigate the possible allelopathic potential ofDigitariasanguinalis (L.) Large crabgrass andClerodenduminerme on the seed germination and seedling growth of bladygrass (Imperata cylindrica), the results showed areduce of 44%and 43% in seed germinationby leaves extracts ofClerodenduminermeandDigitariasanguinalisrespectively in 50% concentration and 61% and 62% in 100% concentration. Root and shoot length of blady grass seedlings growth were reduced by an average of 75-70%. Field experiments indicated thatcrude material of Clerodenduminerme and Digitariasanguinalisin50 gm/ m2 gave the highest control on blady grass than the
... Show MoreAltruism is one of good qualities of human being expressing his highness and triumph. Self control has A signifies in a lot of psychological, educational, Social, ethical and healing fields Where the higher self control relates with high degrees of carefulness accuracy, problem solving, choice. judgment and decision making. the present study aimos at measuring altruism among university students , self control among them , recognizing the statistically differences significance on self control among university students according to gender variable and recognizing the correlation between attruism and self control among university students . the sample consists of the basic application one (200) students (100) males and (100) males that had
... Show MoreThis paper presents the design of a longitudinal controller for an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This paper proposed the dual loop (inner-outer loop) control based on the intelligent algorithm. The inner feedback loop controller is a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to provide robust (adaptive) stability. In contrast, the outer loop controller is based on Fuzzy-PID (Proportional, Integral, and Derivative) algorithm to provide reference signal tracking. The proposed dual controller is to control the position (altitude) and velocity (airspeed) of an aircraft. An adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (AUKF) is employed to track the reference signal and is decreased the Gaussian noise. The mathematical model of aircraft
... Show MoreObjective: The study aimed to identify the adolescents' family meal eating patterns, and find out the relationship between adolescents' family meal eating patterns and their weight control behaviors. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on impact of adolescents' family meal eating patterns upon their weight control behaviors in secondary schools at Baghdad city, starting from 20th of April 2013 to the end of October 2014. Non- probability (purposive) sample of 1254 adolescents were chosen from secondary schools of both sides of Al-Karkh and Al-Russafa sectors. Data was collected through a specially
This article co;nsiders a shrunken estimator ·Of Al-Hermyari· and
AI Gobuii (.1) to estimate the mean (8) of a normal clistributicm N (8 cr4) with known variance (cr+), when <:I guess value (So) av11il ble about the mean (B) as· an initial estrmate. This estimator is shown to be
more efficient tl1an the class-ical estimators especially when 8 is close to 8•. General expressions .for bias and MSE -of considered estitnator are gi 'en, witeh some examples. Nut.nerical cresdlts, comparisons and
conclusions ate reported.
Sansevieriatrifasciata was studied as a potential biosorbent for chromium, copper and nickel removal in batch process from electroplating and tannery effluents. Different parameters influencing the biosorption process such as pH, contact time, and amount of biosorbent were optimized while using the 80 mm sized particles of the biosorbent. As high as 91.3 % Ni and 92.7 % Cu were removed at pH of 6 and 4.5 respectively, while optimum Cr removal of 91.34 % from electroplating and 94.6 % from tannery effluents was found at pH 6.0 and 4.0 respectively. Pseudo second order model was found to best fit the kinetic data for all the metals as evidenced by their greater R2 values. FTIR characterization of biosorbent revealed the presence of carboxyl a
... Show MoreIn recent years, the migration of the computational workload to computational clouds has attracted intruders to target and exploit cloud networks internally and externally. The investigation of such hazardous network attacks in the cloud network requires comprehensive network forensics methods (NFM) to identify the source of the attack. However, cloud computing lacks NFM to identify the network attacks that affect various cloud resources by disseminating through cloud networks. In this paper, the study is motivated by the need to find the applicability of current (C-NFMs) for cloud networks of the cloud computing. The applicability is evaluated based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to outlook the cloud network. T
... Show MoreBoth the double-differenced and zero-differenced GNSS positioning strategies have been widely used by the geodesists for different geodetic applications which are demanded for reliable and precise positions. A closer inspection of the requirements of these two GNSS positioning techniques, the zero-differenced positioning, which is known as Precise Point Positioning (PPP), has gained a special importance due to three main reasons. Firstly, the effective applications of PPP for geodetic purposes and precise applications depend entirely on the availability of the precise satellite products which consist of precise satellite orbital elements, precise satellite clock corrections, and Earth orientation parameters. Secondly, th
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