Theoretical trends have appeared Which posed the concept of biological structures in contemporary architecture concept, Spread through the emergence of architectural production that reflect and indicate the nature of the construction structures based on the ideas and principles of biological structures in biological science: Despite the emergence of many architectural proposals that tried to explain the concept in the field of architecture, but it is not dealt with in depth and not given a comprehensive definition: So there was need to search for the concept and its beginning in the biological field as a general framework down to the field of architecture for the purpose of reducing the limits of their search framework T

Background: Bowel cancer is the most prevalent digestive system cancer and is the 4th largest cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In Iraq, colon and rectal cancer (CRC) is the 6th most common malignancy in males and the 5th in females. This cancer is sluggish in growth, which gives a window of opportunity to screen for both precursor lesions and early cancer. The Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) protein is a type of transmembrane glycoproteins found on nearly all human cells, including non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic cells. CD47 promotes CRC growth by triggering angiogenesis and apoptosis of tumor cell. Objectives: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of (CD47) in various colorectal samples from Iraqi patients

Abstract

This research  aims to reform the Iraqi public budget through going into the challenges the budget faces in applying item-line budget in its preparation, implementation and control; which encourage extravagance and waste instead of rationalizing expenditures. This  is shown in the data analysis of Federal public budget laws in Iraq for the years from 2005 till 2013; there was a continuous increase in the aggregate public expenditures in the public budget for the years previously mentioned, as the public expenditures growth has reached into the percent 284.71% in 2013. In addition the public budget for these years (2005-2013) is being prepared with planned deficit without confirming that

Background: Several pathologies of the oral cavity have been associated with stress. Dental students need to gain assorted proficiencies as theoretical knowledge, clinical proficiencies, and interpersonal dexterity which is accompanied with high level of stress. Uric acid is the major antioxidant in saliva. The aim of this study is to assess the dental caries experience among dental students with different levels of dental environment stress in relation to physicochemical characteristics of whole unstimulated saliva.

Materials and Methods: the total sample is composed of 300 dental students (73 males, 227 female) aged 22-23 years old, from collage of dentistry / university of Baghdad, from the 4t

Background: Measuring implant stability is an important issue in predicting treatment success. Dental implant stability is usually measured through resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Osstell® RFA devices can be used with transducers (Smartpeg™) that correspond to the implants used as well as with transducers designed for application with Penguin® RFA devices (Multipeg™). Aims: This study aims to assess the reliability of a MultiPeg™ transducer with an Osstell® device in measuring dental implant stability. Materials and Methods: Sixteen healthy participants who required dental implant treatment were enrolled in this study. Implant stability was measured by using an Osstell® device with two transducers, namely, Smartpeg™ and M

This research included the study of different factors that may effect on gatifloxacin stability (anew quinolone synthetic antibacterial agent) in its aqueous solution in order to develop and optimize the best delivary of the drug to the eye (as eye drop) with maximum local concentration and minimum systemic absorption and toxicity.Different formulas of gatifloxacin solution for ophthalmic use (0.3%)w/v were prepared in citrate, acetate,citrate/phosphate and phosphate buffers,their tonicity adjusted with suitable quantity of sodium chloride.The effect of different factors that might affectthe stability of gatifloxacin in its prepared ophthalmic solution was studied and determined spectrophotometrically at 287 nm. The results showed t

The current research aims to identify 1) the differences of emotional stability development level according to the variable of age; and 2) the differences of emotional stability development level according to the variable of gender (male, female). This study employed a descriptive approach, whereby a total of 165 primary and secondary school student was randomly selected from the directorate of AL -rusafa side (1^st rusafa) of Baghdad province to constitute the sample of the study. The questionnaire was created based on the previous testes and studies that are relevant to emotional stability, and all its psychometrics features were examined. The researcher analyzed the data using SPSS statistic

The absence of ecological perception in the local urbanization resulted in the lack of a clear conception of achieving sustainability in its simplest form in the urban reality and in the city of Baghdad in particular. The research assumes the possibility of achieving urban sustainability in Iraqi cities by applying the cities for the most effective methods to implemented ecological solutions and introducing appropriate urban planning tools and improve the living environment. The research focuses on the ability to define some aspects to achieve a sustainable local urban identity from global experiences. This was performed by proposing a scheduled theoretical framework, through which the features of sustainability can be extrapolated from the